Gradience in Grammar: Generative Perspectives

This book represents the state of the art in the study of gradience in grammar - the degree to which utterances are acceptable or grammatical, and the relationship between acceptability and grammaticality. Gradience is at the centre of controversial issues in the theory of grammar and the understanding of language. The acceptability of words and sentences may be linked to the frequency of their use and measured on a scale. Among the questions considered in the book are: whether such measures are beyond the scope of a generative grammar or, in other words, whether the factors influencing acceptability are internal or external to grammar; whether observed gradience is a property of the mentally represented grammar or a reflection of variation among speakers; and what gradient phenomena reveal about the relationship between acceptability and grammaticality, and between competence and performance. The book is divided into four parts. Part I seeks to clarify the nature of gradience from the perspectives of phonology, generative syntax, psycholinguistics, and sociolinguistics. Parts II and III examine issues in phonology and syntax. Part IV considers long wh-movement from different methodological perspectives. The data discussed comes from a wide range of languages and dialects, and includes tone and stress patterns, word order variation, and question formation. Gradience in Grammar will interest linguists concerned with the understanding of syntax, phonology, language acquisition and variation, discourse, and the operations of language within the mind.

Table of Contents:
1: Gilbert Fanselow, Caroline Fery, Ralf Vogel, and Matthias Schlesewsky: Gradience in Grammar Part I The Nature of Gradience 2: Abigail Cohn: Is There Gradient Phonology? 3: Eric Reuland: Gradedness: Interpretive Dependencies and Beyond 4: Stefan Frisch and Adrienne Stearns: Linguistic and Metalinguistic Tasks in Phonology: Methods and Findings 5: Leonie Cornips: Intermediate Syntactic Variants in a Dialect: Standard Speech Repertoire and Relative Acceptability 6: Antonella Sorace: Gradedness and Optionality in Mature and Developing Grammars 7: Matthias Schlesewsky, Ina Bornkessel, and Brian McElree: Decomposing Gradience: Quantitative vs Qualitative Distinctions Part II Gradience in Phonology 8: Paul Boersma: Prototypicality Judgments As Inverted Perception 9: Adam Albright and Bruce Hayes: Modeling Productivity with The Gradual Learning Algorithm: The Problem of Accidentally Exceptionless Generalizations 10: Caroline Fery and Ruben Stoel: Gradient Perception of Intonation Part III Gradience in Syntax 11: John A. Hawkins: Gradedness as Relative Efficiency in the Processing of Syntax and Semantics 12: Matthew W. Crocker and Frank Keller: Probabilistic Grammars as Models of Gradience in Language Processing 13: Ralf Vogel: Degraded Acceptability and Markedness in Syntax, and the Stochastic Interpretation of Optimality Theory 14: Frank Keller: Linear Optimality Theory as a Model of Gradience in Grammar Part IV Gradience in Wh-Movement Constructions 15: Gisbert Fanselow and Stefan Frisch: Effects of Processing Difficulty on Judgements of Acceptability 16: Nomi Erteschik-Shir: What's What? 17: Yoshihisa Kitagawa and Janet Dean Fodor: Prosodic Influence on Syntactic Judgments References Index

About the Author :
Gisbert Fanselow is Professor of Syntax at the University of Potsdam since 1993. He started his linguistic career with a monograph on the semantic interpretation of nominal compounds (Zur Syntax und Semantik der Nominalkomposition, 1981). Later, he specialized in syntax, focusing there on topics such as configurationality (Konfigurationalität, 1987), scrambling, discontinuous NPs, question formation, and syntactic theory (Minimale Syntax, 1991). At the University of Potsdam, this focus on syntax was complemented by research on psycholinguistic issues. Caroline Féry is Professor of Phonology at the University of Potsdam. Her area of specialization is phonology, phonetics and the phonology-syntax interface. She has published a number of papers on themes touching intonation, prosody, metrical structure and the theory of grammar. She is also involved in a large-scale project studying information structure in a typological perspective. Her books include German Tonal Pattern (1993), 'Phonologie des Deutschen: Eine optimalitätstheoretische Einführung' (2001), and The Syllable in Optimality Theory (with Ruben van de Vijver, 2003). Ralf Vogel obtained his PhD in German Linguistics at the Humboldt University Berlin in 1998. He works as research assistant at the Linguistics department of the University of Potsdam. His area of specialization is syntax, with a focus on Germanic syntax, the interaction between syntax, phonology and semantics, empirical syntax research, including experimental, corpus and dialect studies. He is an expert in Optimality Theory and has published a number of papers in all these fields. His published work includes Minimality Effects in Syntax (with Arthur Stepanov amnd Gisbert Fanselow, 2004) Matthias Schlesewsky obtained a 'Diplom' in Chemistry (MSc equivalent) from the University of Potsdam in 1992. He subsequently moved to the field of theoretical linguistics, in which in 1997 he obtained his PhD from the University of Potsdam for a dissertation on the processing of morphological case in German. From 1997 to 2002. He was a research assistant in the Linguistics department of the University of Potsdam, before becoming an Assistant Professor of Neurolinguistics at the Philipps University Marburg. Articles in a wide range of international journals reflect his research interests on the real-time comprehension of morphological case and arguments and its neurophysiological and neuroanatomical correlates.