Jasper's Basic Mechanisms of the Epilepsies: (Contemporary Neurology Series)

This is an open access title available under the terms of a CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International licence. It is free to read at Oxford Academic and offered as a free PDF download from OUP and selected open access locations.Jasper's Basic Mechanisms of the Epilepsies has served as the definitive reference in the field of basic research in the epilepsies for five decades through four well-regarded editions. Since its inception, the book has been an indispensable must-read and belongs in the hands of every experimental epilepsy investigator, practicing epileptologist, clinical neuroscientist, and student for both clinical and basic science reference, doctoral and board exam preparation.This fifth edition is the most ambitious yet and remains the definitive reference in the field, providing encyclopedic and updated coverage of the current understanding of basic research in the epilepsies, while also mapping new research directions for the next decade, and reviewing how molecular laboratory evidence is now being translated into new therapeutics. In 79 chapters, the book considers the role of interactions between neurons, synapses, and glia in the initiation, spread, and arrest of seizures. It examines mechanisms of excitability, synchronization, seizure susceptibility and, ultimately, their contributions to epileptogenesis. It provides a framework for expanding the monogenic epilepsy genome and understanding the complex heredity responsible for common epilepsies. It explores the molecular and cellular disease mechanisms of ion channelopathies, developmental epilepsy genes, and progressive myoclonic epilepsies. It considers newly emerging mechanisms of epilepsy comorbidities. And, for the first time, it describes current efforts to identify biomarkers of disease progression and translate discoveries of epilepsy disease mechanisms into new therapeutic strategies at the frontier of molecular medicine.

Table of Contents:
PREFACE DEDICATION ACKNOWLEDGMENTS SECTION 1 - EVOLVING CONCEPTS 1. The Paroxysmal Depolarizing Shift (PDS): The First Cellular Marker of Focal Epileptogenesis David Prince and Massimo Avoli 2. Hippocampal Sclerosis in Temporal Lobe Epilepsy: New Views and Challenges Carolyn Houser 3. Cerebral Cortical Dysplasia or Dysgenesis: Keratan Sulfate Proteoglycan for Fetal Axonal Guidance and Excitatory/Inhibitory Synaptic Targets that Influence Epileptogenesis Harvey Sarnat and Laura Flores-Sarnat 4. mTOR in Acquired and Genetic Models of Epilepsy Michael Wong, Angelique Bordey, and Steve C. Danzer 5. Epilepsy Genomics: Disease Causing Sequence Variants Antonio Delgado-Escueta SECTION 2 - SEIZURES, NETWORKS & SYSTEMS Editor: Massimo Avoli; Associate Editors: Christophe Bernard and Marco de Curtis Introduction Massimo Avoli, Marco de Curtis, Christophe Bernard, and Ivan Soltesz 6. GABAa-Receptor Signaling and Ionic Plasticity in the Generation and Spread of Seizures Kai Kaila, Andrew Trevelyan, Joseph Raimondo, Tommi Ala-Kurikka, Gilles Huberfeld, Massimo Avoli, and Marco de Curtis 7. Connexins, Pannexins and Epilepsy Liang Zhang, Georg R. Zoidl, and Peter L. Carlen 8. Mechanisms Leading to Initiation, Development and Termination of Focal Seizures Marco de Curtis, Piotr Suffczynski, Maxime Lévesque, Laura Librizzi,Laura Uva, Paolo Scalmani, Vadym Gnatkovsky, and Massimo Avoli 9. Transition to Seizure from Cellular, Network, and Dynamical Perspectives Wei-Chih Chang, Jan Kudlacek, Premysl Jiruska, and John G.R. Jefferys 10. Role of the Subiculum in Focal Epilepsy Alesya Evstratova, Belén Diaz-Fernandez, Maxime Lévesque, Massimo Avoli, and Gand illes Huberfeld 11. Optogenetic Modulation of Focal Seizures Maxime Lévesque, Massimo Avoli, and Merab Kokaia 12. Balancing Seizure Control with Cognitive Side-Effects Sheela Tropani, Gene G Gurkoff, Kiarash Shahlaie, Fady Girgis, Ignacio Saez, Jeffrey Kennedy, and Karen A Moxon 13. High Frequency Oscillations Liset Menendes de la Prida and Jean Gotman 14. Seizures and Sleep Birgit Frauscher and Igor Timofeev 15. Cycles in epilepsy Maxime Baud, Vikram Rao, Christophe Bernard, and Philippa Karoly 16. Human Single Unit Recordings in Epilepsy Edward Merricks and Catherine Schevon 17. Role of Ion Concentration Dynamics in Epileptic Seizures Oscar C González, Igor Timofeev, and Maxim Bazhenov 18. A Classification of Seizures Based on Dynamics Hiba Sheheitli, Huifang Wang, Jean-Didier Lemarechal, Christophe Bernard, and Viktor K. Jirsa 19. Seizures, Networks & Systems - Computational EEG Analysis of Human Epileptogenic Networks Vadim Gnatkovsky and Kaspar Schindler 20. Excitation-Inhibition Balance in Absence Seizure Ictogenesis Magor L. Lõrincz, Vincenzo Crunelli, and Francois David 21. Cortical and Thalamic PV+ Interneuron Dysfunction in the Pathogenesis of Absence Epilepsy Jochen Meyer and Atul Maheshwari 22. Convergence of Thalamic Mechanisms in Genetic Epilepsies Frances Cho and Jeanne Paz Section 3 - EPILEPTOGENESIS: MOLECULAR MECHANISMS & TREATMENTS Editor: Annamaria Vezzani; Associate Editors: Helen Scharfman and David Henshall Introduction Annamaria Vezzani and Helen Scharfman 23. The Diverse Roles of Mossy Cells in the Normal Brain, Epileptogenesis, and Chronic Epilepsy Helen Scharfman 24. Temporal Lobe Epileptogenesis; A Focus on Etiology, Neuron Loss, The Latent Period, and Dentate Granule Cell Disinhibition Robert Sloviter 25. Adult Neurogenesis in Epileptogenesis and Comorbidities Kyung-Ok Cho and Jenny Hsieh 26. A Crucial Role for Astrocytes in Epileptogenesis: Gap Junctions and Glutamate Receptors Peter Bedner, Allison R. Peterson, DevinK.Binder, Christian Steinhäuser 27. Adenosine Kinase: Cytoplasmic and Nuclear Isoforms Madhuvika Murugan and Detlev Boison 28. Inflammatory Astrocytic TGFß- Signaling Induced by Blood-Brain Barrier Dysfunction Drives Epileptogenesis Lynn T. Yang, Giovanni Anthony, and Daniela Kaufer 29. Pericytes and Microglia: Neurovascular and Immune Regulatory Cells in Seizure Disorders Nicola Marchi and Amy Brewster 30. Neuroinflammation in Epilepsy: Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms Ray Dingledine, Nicholas Varvel, Teresa Ravizza, and Annamaria Vezzani 31. Role of Reactive Oxygen Species in Epilepsy Ashwini Sri Hari, Matthew C. Walker, and Manisha Patel 32. BDNF/TrkB Signaling and Epileptogenesis Stephen Harward, Yang Huang, and James McNamara 33. Clinical Features and Molecular Mechanisms Underlying Autoantibody-Mediated Seizures Alexander Mathy and Sarosh Irani 34. Transcriptomic Alterations in Epileptogenesis: Transcription Factors in the Spotlight Gary Brennan and Karen van Loo 35. Epigenetics Katja Kobow and Nadia Khan SECTION 4 - BIOMARKERS OF EPILEPTOGENESIS Editor: Annamaria Vezzani; Associate Editors: Helen Scharfman and David Henshall Introduction Annamaria Vezzani and David Henshall 36. EEG Biomarkers of Epileptogenesis Lyna Kamintsky, Dan Z Milikovsky, and Alon Friedman 37. Blood Biomarkers: Noncoding RNAs and Proteins David Henshall and Michele Simonato 38. Behavioural Biomarkers of Epileptogenesis and Epilepsy Severity Idrish Ali, Pablo Casillas-Espinosa, Nigel Jones, and Terence O'Brien 39. Genetic and Imaging Biomarkers of Epileptogenesis Matthias Koepp, Simona Balestrini, Stefanie Dedurwaerdere, and William Theodore 40. Machine-Learning Approach to Discover Novel Biomarkers for Post-Traumatic Epilepsy Robert Ciszek, Eppu Manninen, Olli Gröhn, Jussi Tohka, and Asla Pitkänen SECTION 5 - GENES AND NETWORK DEVELOPMENT Editors: Antonio Delgado Escueta and Jeffrey Noebels; Associate Editor: Elsa Rossignol Introduction Jeffrey Noebels 41. Human Epilepsy Gene Discovery: The Next Decade Emily Bonkowski and Heather Mefford 42. Functional Exploration of Epilepsy Genes in Patint-Derived Cells Maria 'Carmen' Varela, Ranmal Samarasinghe, and Jack Parent 43. Brain mosaicism in Epileptogenic Cortical Malformations Théo Ribierre and Stéphanie Baulac 44. Sodium Channelopathies in Human and Animal Models of Epilepsy and Neurodevelopmental Disorders Kazuhiro Yamakawa, Miriam Meisler, and Lori Isom 45. Potassium Channels in Genetic Epilepsy: a Functional Perspective Matthew Weston and Anastasios Tzingounis 46. High Voltage Activated Calcium Channels in Epilepsy: Lessons from Humans and Rodents Elsa Rossignol 47. Transcription Factors Regulating Interneuron Development Emily Ling-Lin Pai, Daniel Vogt, Jia Sheng Hu, and John Rubenstein 48. GABAA Receptors, Seizures and Epilepsy Richard Olsen, Martin Wallner, and Michael A. Rogawski 49. Gene genome interactions - Understanding complex molecular traits in epilepsy Katja Kobow and John Mahoney SECTION - 6 PROGRESSIVE MYOCLONUS EPILEPSIES Editor: Antonio Delgado-Escueta; Associate Editor: Berge Minassian Introduction A.V. Delgado-Escueta, Berge Minassian, Jose M Seratossa 50. The Neuronal Ceroid Lipofuscinoses Sara Mole 51. Progressive Myoclonus Epilepsy: Unverricht-Lundborg Disease Saara Tegelberg, Tarja Joensuu, and Anna-Elina Lehesjoki 52. Strategies on Gene Therapy in Progressive Myoclonus Epilepsies Saima Kayani, Emrah Gumusgoz, Berge Minassian, and Alison Dolce 53. Therapeutic Window for the Treatment of Lafora Disease Olga Varea, Joan Guinovart, and Jordi Duran 54. Progressive Myoclonus Epilepsy of Lafora- Treatment with Metformin Jose M. Seratossa, Daniel F. Burgos, Luis Zafra-Puerta, Nerea Iglesias-Cabeza, Pascual Sanz, and Marina P. Sánchez 55. Treating Lafora Disease with an Antibody-Enzyme Fusion Matthew Gentry, Kia H. Markussen, Ramon Sun, and Craig W. Vander Kooi 56. Antisense Oligonucleotide Therapy for Progressive Myoclonus Epilepsies Silvia Nitschke and Berge Minassian SECTION 7 - COMORBIDITIES OF EPILEPTIC NETWORKS Editor: Jeffrey Noebels; Associate Editor: Peyman Golshani Introduction Jeffrey Noebels 57. Dissecting Epileptic and Cognitive Network Dysfunction in Epilepsy Pierre-Pascal Lenck-Santini and Greg Holmes 58. Attention Deficit Disorders and Epilepsy Atul Maheshwari 59. What Rodent Models Teach Us About the Association of Autism and Epilepsy Peyman Golshani 60. Artificial Intelligence-Guided Behavioral Phenotyping in Epilepsy Tilo Gschwind and Ivan Soltesz 61. Mechanisms of Depression in the Epileptic Brain Nigel Jones and Jamie Maguire 62. Heterogeneous Mechanisms of Spreading Depolarization and Seizures Isamu Aiba 63. Genetic and Cellular Mechanisms Underlying SUDEP Risk Jeffrey Noebels SECTION 8- EPILEPSY THERAPEUTICS Editor: Michael Rogawski; Associate Editors: Wolfgang Löscher & Steve White Introduction Michael Rogawski 64. New Models for Assessment of Antiseizure Activity Cameron Metcalf, Peter West, Sharon Edwards, and Karen Wilcox 65. Disease Biology Factors Accounting for Epilepsy Severity: An Updated Conceptual Framework for New Drug Discovery Stefanie Dedeurwaerdere, Vincenzo Marra, and Michael R Johnson 66. Animal Models of Pharmacoresistant Epilepsy Michelle Guignet and H. Steve White 67. Drug Combinations for Antiepileptogenesis Wolfgang Löscher 68. Prophylaxis of Epileptogenesis in Injury and Genetic Epilepsy Models David Prince and Feng Gu 69. Management of Febrile Status Epilepticus: Past, Present and Future Megan M. Garcia-Curran and Tallie Z. Baram 70. Excitatory Transmission in Status Epilepticus Suchitra Joshi and Jaideep Kapur 71. Ionic Mechanisms of Ictogenic Disinhibition: All GABA Signaling is Local Kevin Staley 72. Epileptogenic Channelopathies Guide Design of NBI-921352, a Highly Isoform-Selective Inhibitor of NaV1.6 J.P. Johnson, Jr, Alison J Cutts, James R. Empfield, and Charles J. Cohen 73. Purinergic Signaling in Epilepsy Tobias Engel and Nicholas Dale 74. Anti-Inflammatory Strategies for Disease Modification: Focus on Therapies Close to Clinical Translation Annamaria Vezzani, Silvia Balosso, Nicholas H. Varvel, and Ray Dingledine 75. Targeted Augmentation of Nuclear Gene Output (TANGO) Lori Isom and Kelly G. Knupp 76. Gene Therapy for Epilepsy Kimberly Goodspeed, Dallas Armstrong, Andrea Boitnott, Alison Dolce, Qinglan Ling, and Steve Gray 77. Gene Therapy for Refractory Epilepsy Dimitri Kullmann 78. Cell Therapy for Treatment of Epilepsy Sonja Bröer and Daniel Vogt 79. Mechanisms of Ketogenic Diet Action Robin Williams, Detlev Boison, Susan Masino, and Jong Rho

About the Author :
Jeffrey L. Noebels is Cullen Chair in Neurogenetics and Professor of Neurology, Neuroscience, and Molecular and Human Genetics at Baylor College of Medicine. His major research focus is to identify genes and molecular targets for the treatment of epilepsy and its comorbidities. Massimo Avoli is Professor in the Departments of Neurology & Neurosurgery and Physiology at McGill University, and a member of the Neural Circuits Research Group at the Montreal Neurological Institute-Hospital. His laboratory employs electrophysiological, pharmacological and molecular approaches to analyze the mechanisms of neuronal network excitability and seizure generation. Michael A. Rogawski is Distinguished Professor of Neurology and Pharmacology at the University of California, Davis School of Medicine. His research encompasses the cellular neurophysiology of ion channels, the mechanisms of action of antiseizure medications, and epilepsy therapy discovery and development. Annamaria Vezzani is head of the Laboratory of Experimental Neurology, Department of Neuroscience at the Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS. Her main research focus is on mechanisms of seizures and epileptogenesis, with the aim of identifying biomarkers and developing new epilepsy treatments. Antonio V. Delgado-Escueta is Professor Emeritus in Neurology at the David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA. He studies the mechanisms of genetic epilepsies, including Lafora progressive myoclonus epilepsy and the genetic generalized epilepsies, like Juvenile Myoclonic Epilepsies and Childhood Absence Epilepsies.