Brain Development
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Brain Development: Normal Processes and the Effects of Alcohol and Nicotine

Brain Development: Normal Processes and the Effects of Alcohol and Nicotine


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About the Book

This is the first book about both normal development of the nervous system and how early exposure to alcohol and nicotine interferes with this development. The developing nervous system is highly dynamic and vulnerable to genetic and epigenetic factors that can be additive or synergistic. Disruption of normal brain development leads to an array of developmental disorders. One of the most common of these is mental retardation, the prime cause of which is prenatal exposure to alcohol. As chapters in this book show, alcohol has direct effects on the developing neural system and it affects genetic regulation. Another common neurotoxin is nicotine, and it is discussed in this book for three reasons: (1) the number of adolescents who smoke cigarettes is rising in some populations; (2) prenatal exposure to nicotine affects neurotransmitter systems that are critical for normal brain development and cognition; and (3) prenatal exposure to nicotine is often accompanied by prenatal exposure to alcohol. The mature brain is the culmination of an orderly sequence of basic ontogenetic processes - cell proliferation, migration, differentiation, and death. Neural stem cells and progenitors proliferate in discreet sites; then, young neurons migrate long distances to their residences where they form neural networks. During this sequence many immature cells die, presumably eliminating unsuitable or non-competitive cells. Each process is regulated by genetic and environmental factors. When this regulation goes awry, a dysmorphic and dysfunctinoal brain results. Though this can be tragic in clinical settings, in experimental contexts it provides keen insight into normal brain development.

Table of Contents:
Michael W. Miller: Suny-Upstate Medical University: Acknowledgments 1: Michael W. Miller: Models of neurotoxicity provide unique insight into normal development Part I Normal Development 2: Bernhard Suter, Pradeep G. Bhide: Harvard Medical School: Cell proliferation 3: Huaiyu Hu: SUNY-Upstate Medical University: Neuronal migration 4: C. David Mintz, Iddil H. Bekirov, Tonya R. Anderson, and Deanna L. Benson: Mount Sinai School of Medicine: Neuronal differentiation: from axons to synapses 5: Stevens K. Rehen and Jerold J.M. Chun: Scripps Research Institute: Cell death 6: Sandra M. Mooney: SUNY-Upstate Medical University and George I. Henderson: University of Texas Health Sciences Center: Intracellular pathways of neuronal death 7: Barbara L. Finlay, Jeremy C. Yost, and Desmond T. Cheung: Cornell University: Developmental disorders and evolutionary expectations: mechanisms of resilience Part II Ethanol-affected development 8: Claire D. Coles: Emory University School of Medicine: Prenatal alcohol exposure and human development 9: Susanna L. Fryer, Christie L. McGee, Andrea D. Spadoni, and Edward P. Riley: San Diego State University: Influence of alcohol on the structure of the developing human brain 10: Joanna H. Sliwowska, Xingqi Zhang and Joanne Weinberg: University of British Columbia: Prenatal ethanol exposure and fetal programming: implications for endocrine and immune development and long-term health 11: Michael W. Miller: Early exposure to ethanol affects and the proliferation of neuronal precursors 12: W. Michael Zawada and Mita Das; WZ, MD: University of Colorado Health Sciences Center: Effects on ethanol on the regulation of cell cycle in neural stem cells 13: Julie A. Siegenthaler and Michael W. Miller: SUNY-Upstate Medical University: Mechanisms of ethanol-induced alterations in neuronal migration 14: Tara A. Lindsley: Albany Medical School: Effects of ethanol on mechanisms regulating neuronal process outgrowth 15: Michael W. Miller and Marla B. Bruns: SUNY-Upstate Medical University and Paula L. Hoffman: University of Colorado Health Sciences Center: Neuronal survival is compromised by ethanol: extracellular mediators 16: Sandra M. Mooney, Michael W. Miller, and George I. Henderson: Intracellular events in neuronal death targeted by ethanol 17: Susan M. Smith and Katherine A. Debelak-Kragtorp: University of Wisconsin School of Medicine: Neural crest and developmental exposure to alcohol 18: Consuelo Guerri: Instituto de Investigaciones Citologicas: Glial targets of developmental exposure to ethanol Part III Nicotine-affected development 19: Jennifer A. Willford, Nancy L. Day, and Marie D. Cornelius: University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine: Tobacco use during pregnancy: epidemiology and effects on offspring 20: Brenda M. Elliot and Neil E. Grunberg: Uniformed Services University of Health Sciences: Prenatal nicotine exposure and animal behavior 21: Huibert D. Mansvelder: Vrije Universitat and Lorna W. Role: Columbia University: Neuronal receptors for nicotine: functional diversity and developmental changes 22: Kurt F. Hauser, Nazira El-Hage, Shreya Buch, Gregory N. Barnes, Henrietta S. Bada, and James R. Pauly: University of Kentucky: Neural precursors as preferential targets for drug abuse: long term consequences and latent susceptibility to CNS disorders 23: Frances M. Leslie, Layla Azam, Kathy Gallardo, Kathryn O'Leary, Ryan Franke, and Shahrdad Lotfipour: University of California College of Medicine, Irvine: Nocotinic receptor regulation of developing catecholamine systems

Review :
"This excellent book will be very useful to many readers including pediatricians, toxicologists, substance abuse specialists, researchers, and many others."--Doody's


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Product Details
  • ISBN-13: 9780195183139
  • Publisher: Oxford University Press Inc
  • Publisher Imprint: Oxford University Press Inc
  • Height: 183 mm
  • No of Pages: 424
  • Spine Width: 25 mm
  • Weight: 1029 gr
  • ISBN-10: 0195183134
  • Publisher Date: 25 May 2006
  • Binding: Hardback
  • Language: English
  • Returnable: N
  • Sub Title: Normal Processes and the Effects of Alcohol and Nicotine
  • Width: 259 mm


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