South Asia's Christians: Between Hindu and Muslim(OXFORD STUDIES WORLD CHRISTIANITY SERIES)

South Asia is home to more than a billion Hindus and half a billion Muslims. But the region is also home to substantial Christian communities, some dating almost to the earliest days of the faith. The stories of South Asia's Christians are vital for understanding the shifting contours of World Christianity, precisely because of their history of interaction with members of these other religious traditions. In this broad, accessible overview of South Asian Christianity, Chandra Mallampalli shows how the faith has been shaped by Christians' location between Hindus and Muslims. Mallampalli begins with a discussion of South India's ancient Thomas Christian tradition, which interacted with West Asia's Persian Christians and thrived for centuries alongside their Hindu and Muslim neighbours. He then underscores efforts of Roman Catholic and Protestant missionaries to understand South Asian societies for purposes of conversion. The publication of books and tracts about other religions, interreligious debates, and aggressive preaching were central to these endeavours, but rarely succeeded at yielding converts. Instead, they played an important role in producing a climate of religious competition, which ultimately marginalized Christians in Hindu-, Muslim-, and Buddhist-majority countries of post-colonial South Asia. Ironically, the greatest response to Christianity came from poor and oppressed Dalit (formerly "untouchable") and tribal communities who were largely indifferent to missionary rhetoric. Their mass conversions, poetry, theology, and embrace of Pentecostalism are essential for understanding South Asian Christianity and its place within World Christianity today.

Table of Contents:
Preface Introduction 1 The Thomas Christians: Paradoxes of Being Pre-European 2 Jesuits and the Emperor Akbar, 1580-3 3 Cultural Accommodation and Difference in South Indian Catholicism 4 Early European Encounters with India's Hindus and Muslims 5 The Argumentative Protestant: Religious Exchanges Under British Rule 6 Upper Caste Converts to Protestantism 7 Mass Conversion Among Dalits and Tribals: Rupture, Continuity, or Uplift? 8 Nationalist Politics and the Minoritization of Christians 9 Dalits and Social Liberation 10 Pentecostalism, Conversion, and Violence in India Conclusion Glossary Notes Bibliography Index

About the Author :
Chandra Mallampalli is Fletcher Jones Foundation Chair of the Social Sciences at Westmont College and in 2021-22 was Yang Visiting Scholar of World Christianity at Harvard Divinity School. He is the author of Race, Religion and Law in Colonial India (2011) and A Muslim Conspiracy in British India? (2017).

Review :
In South Asia's Christians, Mallampalli unfolds an unparalleled panorama: ancient Thomas Christians; waves of Catholic and Protestant missionaries from the West; ever-changing relationships with much larger Hindu and Muslim communities; adjustment and survival under diverse political regimes over the centuries and now too amid the new religious and secular dynamics emerging today. This is an introduction that will intrigue specialists as well. South Asia's Christians is a magnificent book. Mallampalli astutely combines tremendous historical expanse and diverse Christian histories with an in-depth, penetrating analysis of issues that emerge from an epistemic gap between missionary knowledge, faith and conversion. South Asia's Christians is a research enterprise of enormous purport in the field of Christianity studies. South Asia's Christians is a nuanced and readable work of mature scholarship. Mallampalli locates Indian Christianity in multiple contexts-religious, historical, political, and contemporary. This is a splendid book. It will be a classic of both South Asian studies and World Christianity studies. I recommend it very highly and look forward to sharing it with colleagues and students. To write about Christianity in South Asia is one thing, but quite another to write about South Asia's Christians. A succession of authors A grand sweep of indigenous South Asian Christianity, studded with glowing insights into religious border-crossing. The book traces Indian Christians' checkered social, cultural and political history. We learn of their everyday dialogue as well as conflicts with Hindu and Muslim neighbors. A perceptive introduction to the unique identity-formation of South Asian Christians. Chandra Mallampalli offers a chronological overview of the Christian faith in this region,...He is excellent on the multiple kinds of religious dialogue in which Indian Christians have had to engage. The book...could be useful for students and scholars interested in Indian Christianity or Asian Christianity in general. Recommended. Upper-division undergraduates through faculty. The volume represents the most compelling introduction to South Asian Christianities currently available, at least in English. This may, perhaps, be read as a sign that the field has matured and moved out of the niche to which it has so far been consigned. As such, the book belongs in every university library and many of our graduate and undergraduate syllabi. Mallampalli writes clearly and accessibly, presumes a non-specialist reader and efficiently and fairly provides all relevant background information. This book certainly could anchor a course in the history of South Asian Christianity, yet it does much more than a textbook, by advancing a distinct thesis: that South Asia's Christians are historically best understood to be situated between Hindu and Muslim, which is elaborated in every chapter. Mallampalli makes a particularly poignant contribution at a moment when the place of Christians and other religious minorities in South Asian political and social life is quite tenuous due to majoritarian Hindu nationalism, which promotes false historical narratives aimed at exclusion. South Asia's Christians is a book that is broad enough to provide an excellent overview, while being scholarly and thorough in a way that would give a seasoned student of religion, Christianity, or history plenty of enticing leads to follow up on. An enjoyable read, it more than succeeds at giving context and life to the deep, rich history of Christian interactions and interrelationships on the Indian subcontinent. Mallampalli's book is nothing short of magisterial. It is already a required resourcefor historians working in this field. The book includes several helpful tables and fascinating pictures, along with a thorough glossary, bibliography, and index. Indeed, one could even say that this is a brave book that speaks calmly but frankly about the difficulties of being a Christian in South Asia, about violence and marginalization, and about the importance of looking at its diverse Christian community and its long history as a mirror for understanding South Asian history that is especially relevant today. South Asia's Christians is a model of how historicalmethods can illuminate theological complexity and culturalnuance. Moreover, it spotlights Christianity's encounter withother religions-a significant component that simply cannot beoverlooked in the field. By recovering the diverse trajectories of South Asia's Christians, Mallampalli has significantly enriched the methodological and narrative possibilities for world Christianity scholarship. Mallampalli's monograph is a well-structured exploration of the history of Christianity in India. It provides a balanced and critical assessment of its subject matter, effectively highlighting both the strengths and weaknesses of the arguments presented.