*Coastal Population Growth: A Global Ecosystem at Risk *Coral Rocks! The Value of the Worlds Coral Reefs *Global Warming and Sea Level Rise *Human Impacts on Estuaries *Ballast Water and Exotic Species *Sharks *Catch of the Day: Chilean Sea Bass *Beaches or Bedrooms? The Dynamic Coastal Environment *PCBs in Seawater *Greenhouse Gases, Global CO2 Emissions, and Global Warming *Lifestyles of the Large and Blubbery: The Blue Whale *Dolphin-Safe Tuna: Oxymoron The Issues are introduced in the text and are found in their entirety on the Introductory Oceanography companion Website. HTTP://WWW.PRENHALL.COM/THURMAN in addition to the Issues projects, the text-specific Website contains practice quizzes with extensive feedback for both correct and incorrect answers, and chapter-specific links to the best oceanography sites on the Internet.
Table of Contents:
(NOTE: Each chapter concludes with Summary, Key Terms, Questions and Exercises, References, Suggested Reading, and Web Resources.)
1. The History of Ocean Exploration and Ocean Science.
Early Evidence of Ocean Travel. The Scientific Discoveries of the Greeks and Romans. The Middle Ages and the Ming Dynasty. European Exploration and the Renaissance. The Beginning of Ocean Science. Twentieth Century Oceanography.
2. Beginnings of the Universe, Earth, and Life.
The Universe and the Solar System. Origin of the Solar System and of Earth. The Composition of Earth. Relative and Absolute Dating. Origin of the Atmosphere and Oceans. Cycling and Mass Balance. The Origin of Life.
3. Global Plate Tectonics.
Isostasy. Evidence for Plate Tectonics from the Continents. Evidence for Plate Tectonics from the Oceans. Plate Boundaries.
4. Marine Provinces.
Bathymetry. Continental Margin Marine Provinces.
5. Marine Sediments.
Sediment Sources. Classification of Marine Sediments. Controls of Oceanic Sediment Accumulation. Distribution of Oceanic Sediments.
6. The Physical Properties of Water and Seawater.
The Water Molecule. Surface Tension and Viscosity. Light Transmission in Water. Sound Transmission in Seawater. The Thermal Properties of Water. The Water Cycle.
7. The Chemistry of Seawater.
The Dissolving Power of Water. Ocean Water Salinity. Seawater Density. Dissolved Gases in Water. Acidity and Alkalinity. Organic Chemistry of Seawater. Variations in Seawater Composition with Depth and Latitude. Source of the Salts. Biogeochemical Cycles.
8. Air-Sea Interaction.
Solar Energy Received by Earth. Heat Flow and the Coriolis Effect. Heat Budget of the World Ocean and Climate Patterns. Fog. Ice Formation. Energy from Ocean Thermal Gradients.
9. Ocean Circulation.
Horizontal Circulation. Vertical Circulation. Antarctic Circulation. Atlantic Ocean Circulation. Pacific Ocean Circulation. Indian Ocean Circulation. El Niño-Southern Oscillation Events. Power from the Winds and Currents.
10. Waves.
Definition of a Wave. Wave Characteristics. Making Waves. Interaction with the Shore. Storm Surges. Tsunami. Internal Waves. Harnessing Wave Energy.
11. Tides.
Generating Tides. Equilibrium Theory of Tides. Prediction of Equilibrium Tides. Dynamic Theory of Tides. Types of Tides. Tides Observed throughout the World. Tides as a Source of Power.
12. The Shore.
Plate Tectonics and the Coasts. Coastal Terminology. Classification of Coasts. U.S. Coastal Conditions. Coastal Development.
13. Coastal Water and Marginal Seas.
Coastal Water Circulation. Estuaries. Wetlands. Serious Loss of Valuable Wetlands. Lagoons. Marginal Seas.
14. The Marine Environment.
Marine Organisms and the Chemistry of Their Environment. Marine Organisms and the Physical Properties of Their Environment. The Distribution of Life. Classifying Organisms.
15. Biological Productivity and Energy Transfer.
Classification of Organisms. Macroscopic Algae and Plants. Microscopic Algae. Primary Productivity. Ecosystems and Energy Transfer. Ozone Depletion and Phytoplankton Production.
16. Animals of the Pelagic Environment.
Staying above the Ocean Floor. Adaptations for Seeking Prey. Marine Mammals. Group Behavior. Other Adaptive Behaviors.
17. Animals of the Benthic Environment.
Distribution of Benthic Animals. Animals of Rocky Shores. Animals of Sediment-Covered Shores. Animals of the Shallow Offshore Ocean Floor. Coral Reefs. Animals of the Deep-Ocean Floor.
18. Exploitation and Pollution of Marine Resources.
Laws and Regulations. Ecosystem Health and Fisheries. Mariculture. Petroleum Resources. Other Pollutants. Mineral Resources. Water and Salt.
Appendix I: Logarithms and Scientific Notation.
Appendix II. Latitude and Longitude Determination.
Appendix III. Taxonomic Classification of Common Marine Organisms.
Appendix IV. Roots, Prefixes and Suffixes.
Appendix V. A Chemical Background.
Glossary.
Index.
About the Author :
HAROLD V. THURMAN retired in May 1994, after 24 years of teaching in the Earth Sciences Department of Mt. San Antonio College in Walnut, California. Interest in geology led to a B.S. degree from Oklahoma A&M University, followed by seven years working as a petroleum geologist, mainly in the Gulf of Mexico. Here his interest in oceans developed, and he earned an M.A. degree from California State University at Los Angeles, then joined the Earth Sciences faculty at Mt. San Antonio College. Hal Thurman has also co-authored a marine biology textbook, written articles on the Pacific, Atlantic, Indian, and Arctic oceans for the 1994 edition of World Book Encyclopedia, and served as a consultant on the National Geographic publication, Realms of the Sea. He still enjoys going to sea on vacations with his wife Iantha.
ELIZABETH A. BURTON received a bachelor's degree in Geology from Bryn Mawr College, a master's in Marine Geology from the University of Miami, and a Ph.D. in Earth and Planetary Sciences from Washington University in St. Louis. Growing up in California, she developed an early affinity for the oceans, but her interest in scientific study of the oceans did not take root until a college field trip to study the reefs and associated marine environments of the Bahamas and Florida Keys. She pursued research in this area for both her graduate degrees and since 1988, while serving as a professor of Geology at Northern Illinois University.
Research and a quest for fun have taken her on diving trips throughout the Caribbean but have also made her eyewitness to the devastation that anthropogenic changes in ocean chemistry, including sewage outfall, soil runoff, and perhaps the rise in atmospheric CO2, have caused to shallow marine environments Dr. Burton's teaching and research evolved away from an emphasis on natural geologic phenomena toward integration and understanding of these anthropogenic changes. She and her students have since investigated a diversity of environmental issues, including landfill gas emissions, fertilizer runoff, and the integrity of radioactive waste disposal sites. Bringing these real-world applications into the classroom has made teaching science both more fun and more relevant.
In a quest to bridge the gap further, Dr. Burton took a hiatus from teaching in 1998 in order to pursue environmental and geochemical research at Chevron. She has published over 30 scientific papers, serves as an Associate Editor for the Geological Society of America Bulletin, is a licensed professional geologist, and a member of the American Association of Petroleum Geologists and the American Chemical Society.
