Securing 5G and Evolving Architectures

SECURING and EVOLVING ARCHITECTURES 5G initiates a period of technological evolution where the benefits transcend faster data download speeds and enable services that will change the way we all live and consume technology. Leveraging 5G's openness, a new developer ecosystem is building breakthrough services that billions of people will consume, delivering immense value to enterprises and subscribers alike. For 5G to achieve its potential, organizations must embrace multi-layered security that goes far beyond 3GPP specifications. Now, leading security architect Pramod Nair helps network professionals climb the steep learning curve associated with securing 5G, fully understand its threat surfaces, systematically mitigate its risks, and maximize the value of their security investments. This coherent, pragmatic, and vendor-agnostic guide will help you plan for security from the outset, make better choices throughout the lifecycle, and develop the mindset needed to secure new generations of networks. You'll find all you need: from high-level 5G security concepts to in-depth coverage of specific security controls, end-to-end architectural guidance, 5G security use cases, and cutting-edge "quantum proofing." Throughout, practical examples and real-life scenarios help you apply Nair's insights---whether you're a service provider, an enterprise, an industry vertical, a startup, a cybersecurity vendor, a systems integrator, or even in a defense environment. Securing 5G and Evolving Architectures is for technical and management audiences at all levels of 5G experience---from enterprise and security architects to network engineers, cloud computing and data center professionals, to CSO and CTO teams. Explore new 5G security challenges---and why you still need external controls, even with recent 3GPP improvements Implement network component security controls for RAN, Transport, 5GC, and devices Safeguard Multi-Access Edge Compute (MEC), SDNs, virtualized 5G cores, and massive IOT Protect Public and Non-Public Networks (Private 5G) deployment scenarios Secure Critical Infrastructure, Vehicle to Everything (V2X), and Smart Factory use cases Optimize end-to-end 5G security architecture across all 5G domains based on zero trust Prioritize 5G security investments in service provider or enterprise environments Preview emerging 5G use cases and ML/AI-based security enhancements

Table of Contents:
Foreword xv Preface xvi Acknowledgments xxi About the Author xxii Part I Evolution of Cellular Technologies to 5G, Security Enhancements, and Challenges Chapter 1: Evolution from 4G to 5G 2 Mobile Network Evolution from 4G to 5G.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 Key 5G Features in 3GPP Releases.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 Key 5G Advanced Features.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 Summary.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 Acronym Key.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 References.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 Chapter 2: Deployment Modes in 5G 26 5G NSA and SA Deployments.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 5G Time-Sensitive Networks.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42 5G Local Area Network–Type Service.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44 Private 5G/Non-Public Networks.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46 Summary.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52 Acronym Key.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52 References.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54 Chapter 3: Securing 5G Infrastructure 56 3GPP 5G Security Enhancements.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57 Security Challenges in 5G. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74 Summary.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77 Acronyms Key.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79 References.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80 Part II Securing 5G Architectures, Deployment Modes, and Use Cases Chapter 4: Securing RAN and Transport Deployments in 5G 82 5G RAN and Transport Threats. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84 Securing 5G RAN and Transport.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92 Real Scenario Case Study: Examples of Threat Surfaces and Their Mitigation. . 125 Summary.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 136 Acronym Key.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 138 References.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 140 Chapter 5: Securing MEC Deployments in 5G 142 Service Provider Network-Based MEC.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 144 Enterprise Network-Based MEC.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145 MEC Deployment Models.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 146 Threat Surfaces in 5G MEC Deployments.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 154 Securing 5G MEC.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 178 Real Scenario Case Study: MEC Threats and Their Mitigation.. . . . . . . . . 217 Summary.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 228 Acronym Key.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 231 References.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 233 Chapter 6: Securing Virtualized 5G Core Deployments 234 A Brief Evolution of Virtualization in Telecommunications.. . . . . . . . . . . 235 Threats in Virtualized 5G Packet Core Deployments.. . . . . . . . . . . . . 240 Securing Virtualized 5G Packet Core Deployments.. . . . . . . . . . . . . 257 Real Scenario Case Study: Virtualized 5GC Threats and Mitigation.. . . . . . . 281 Summary.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 290 Acronym Key.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 294 References.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 296 Chapter 7: Securing Network Slice, SDN, and Orchestration in 5G 298 Network Slicing and Its Enablers—SDN and Orchestration. . . . . . . . . . 299 Threat Surfaces in 5G Network Slice, SDN, and Orchestration Deployments.. . . 309 Mitigation of Threats.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 327 Real Scenario Case Study: Threats in the 5G Network Slice, SDN, and Orchestration Deployments and Their Mitigation. . . . . . . . . . . . . 355 Summary.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 369 Key Acronyms.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 372 References.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 374 Chapter 8: Securing Massive IoT Deployments in 5G 376 Massive IoT–Based Threats in 5G.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 380 Securing mIoT Deployments in 5G Networks.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 391 Real Scenario Case Study: mIoT Threats and Their Mitigation.. . . . . . . . . 414 Summary.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 418 Key Acronyms.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 420 References.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 422 Chapter 9: Securing 5G Use Cases 424 Secure 5G Smart Factory and Manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 425 Critical Infrastructure.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 437 5G Vehicle-to-Everything (5G-V2X).. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 447 Standards and Associations.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 463 Summary.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 465 Key Acronyms.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 465 References.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 467 Part III End-to-End 5G Security Architecture and Prioritizing Security Investments Chapter 10: Building Pragmatic End-to-End 5G Security Architecture 468 Foundations of 5G Security.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 470 Key Tenets of 5G Security Architecture.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 472 Summary.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 497 Acronyms Key.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 498 References.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 501 Chapter 11: Prioritizing 5G Security Investments 502 Method of Prioritizing Security Controls.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 505 Summary.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 532 Acronyms Key.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 533 References.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 534 Part IV Emerging Discussions Chapter 12: 5G and Beyond 536 Adoption and Adaptability of 5G and Evolving Technologies.. . . . . . . . . 537 Convergence of Wi-Fi and Evolving Cellular Technologies.. . . . . . . . . . 539 Use of AI and ML in Securing 5G and Evolving Networks.. . . . . . . . . . . 543 Crypto Agility in 5G and Evolving Technologies.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 546 Summary.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 548 Acronym Key.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 548 References.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 550 9780137457939, TOC, 10/27/2021

About the Author :
Pramod Nair is a Lead Security Architect at Cisco Systems focusing on service providers. During his 20 years of experience in the industry, Pramod has worked in multiple areas, including research and development, designing end-to-end mobile networks, and technical consulting on military and defense projects. Among other responsibilities in his current role within Cisco, Pramod leads 5G Security Architecture, driving its adoption globally, and has been instrumental in architecting secure next-generation networks for customers across the globe. He is a regular speaker on the subject at large conferences and industry events. Pramod is an active member of the security community. His role is to help mobile network providers, service providers, industry verticals, the national security and defense sectors, and other agencies dedicated to securing critical infrastructures. He is also deeply involved with industry trade organizations, has co-chaired the 5G security white paper within the 5GAmericas work group, and works with the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) on 5G security. Pramod holds a patent in fraud detection and has published various white papers and articles covering security-related topics.