Student Study Guide and Selected Solutions Manual for Hill's Chemistry for Changing Times

The Study Guide and Selected Solutions Manual assists students with the text material. It contains learning objectives, chapter outlines, additional problems with self-tests and answers, and answers to the odd-numbered problems in the text.

1. Chemistry
   • 1.1 Science and Technology: The Roots of Knowledge
   • 1.2 Science: Reproducible, Testable, Tentative, Predictive, and Explanatory
   • 1.3 Science and Technology: Risks and Benefit
   • 1.4 Solving Society’s Problems: Scientific Research
   • 1.5 Chemistry: A Study of Matter and Its Changes
   • 1.6 Classification of Matter
   • 1.7 The Measurement of Matter
   • 1.8 Density
   • 1.9 Energy: Heat and Temperature
   • 1.10 Critical Thinking
2. Atoms
   • 2.1 Atoms: Ideas from the Ancient Greeks
   • 2.2 Scientific Laws: Conservation of Mass and Definite Proportions
   • 2.3 John Dalton and the Atomic Theory of Matter
   • 2.4 The Mole and Molar Mass
   • 2.5 Mendeleev and the Periodic Table
   • 2.6 Atoms and Molecules: Real and Relevant
3. Atomic Structure
   • 3.1 Electricity and the Atom
   • 3.2 Serendipity in Science: X-Rays and Radioactivity
   • 3.3 Three Types of Radioactivity
   • 3.4 Rutherford’s Experiment: The Nuclear Model of the Atom
   • 3.5 The Atomic Nucleus
   • 3.6 Electron Arrangement: The Bohr Model (Orbits)
   • 3.7 Electron Arrangement: The Quantum Model (Orbitals/Subshells)
   • 3.8 Electron Configurations and the Periodic Table
4. Chemical Bonds
   • 4.1 The Art of Deduction: Stable Electron Configurations
   • 4.2 Lewis (Electron-Dot) Symbols
   • 4.3 The Reaction of Sodium with Chlorine
   • 4.4 Using Lewis Symbols for Ionic Compounds
   • 4.5 Formulas and Names of Binary Ionic Compounds
   • 4.6 Covalent Bonds: Shared Electron Pairs
   • 4.7 Unequal Sharing: Polar Covalent Bonds
   • 4.8 Polyatomic Molecules: Water, Ammonia, and Methane
   • 4.9 Polyatomic Ions
   • 4.10 Guidelines for Drawing Lewis Structures
   • 4.11 Molecular Shapes: The VSEPR Theory
   • 4.12 Shapes and Properties: Polar and Nonpolar Molecules
5. Chemical Accounting
   • 5.1 Chemical Sentences: Equations
   • 5.2 Volume Relationships in chemical Equations
   • 5.3 Avogadro’s Number and the Names
   • 5.4 Molar Mass: Mole-to-Mass and Mass-to-Mole Conversions
   • 5.5 Solutions
6. Gases, Liquids, Solids…and Intermolecular Forces
   • 6.1 Solids, Liquids, and Gases
   • 6.2 Comparing Ionic and Molecular Substances
   • 6.3 Forces between Molecules
   • 6.4 Forces in Solutions
   • 6.5 Gases: The Kinetic-Molecular Theory
   • 6.6 The Simple Gas Laws
   • 6.7 The Ideal Gas Law
7. Acids and Bases
   • 7.1 Acids and Bases: Experimental Definitions
   • 7.2 Acids, Bases, and Salts
   • 7.3 Acidic and Basic Anhydrides
   • 7.4 Strong and Weak Acids and Bases
   • 7.5 Neutralization
   • 7.6 The pH Scale
   • 7.7 Buffers and Conjugate Acid-Base Pairs
   • 7.8 Acids and Bases in Industry and in Daily Life
8. Oxidation and Reduction
   • 8.1 Oxidation and Reduction: Four Views
   • 8.2 Oxidizing and Reducing Agents
   • 8.3 Electrochemistry: Cells and Batteries
   • 8.4 Corrosion and Explosion
   • 8.5 Oxygen: An Abundant and Essential Oxidizing Agent
   • 8.6 Some Common Reducing Agents
   • 8.7 Oxidation, Reduction, and Living Things
9. Organic Chemistry
   • 9.1 Organic Chemistry and Compounds
   • 9.2 Aliphatic Hydrocarbons
   • 9.3 Aromatic Compounds: Benzene and Its Relatives
   • 9.4 Halogenated Hydrocarbons: Many Uses, Some Hazards
   • 9.5 Functional and Alkyl Groups
   • 9.6 Alcohols, Phenols, Ethers, and Thiols
   • 9.7 Aldehydes and Ketones
   • 9.8 Carboxylic Acids and Esters
   • 9.9 Nitrogen-Containing Compounds: Amines and Amides
10. Polymers
    • 10.1 Polymerization: Making Big Ones Out of Little Ones
    • 10.2 Polyethylene: From the Battle of Britain to Bread Bags
    • 10.3 Addition Polymerization: One + One + One + … Gives One!
    • 10.4 Rubber and Other Elastomers
    • 10.5 Condensation Polymers
    • 10.6 Properties of Polymers
    • 10.7 Plastics and the Environment
11. Nuclear Chemistry
    • 11.1 Natural Radioactivity
    • 11.2 Nuclear Equations
    • 11.3 Half-Life and Radioisotopic Dating
    • 11.4 Artificial Transmutation
    • 11.5 Uses of Radioisotopes
    • 11.6 Penetrating Power of Radiation
    • 11.7 Energy from the Nucleus
    • 11.8 Nuclear Bombs
    • 11.9 Uses and Consequences of Nuclear Energy
12. Chemistry of Earth
    • 12.1 Spaceship Earth: Structure and Composition
    • 12.2 Silicates and the Shapes of Things
    • 12.3 Carbonates: Caves, Chalk, and Limestone
    • 12.4 Metals and Their Ores
    • 12.5 Salts and “Table Salt”
    • 12.6 Gemstones and Semi-Precious Stones
    • 12.7 Earth’s Dwindling Resources
13. Air
    • 13.1 Earth’s Atmosphere: Divisions and Composition
    • 13.2 Chemistry of the Atmosphere
    • 13.3 Pollution through the Ages
    • 13.4 Automobile Emissions
    • 13.5 Photochemical Smog: Making Haze While the Sun Shines
    • 13.6 Acid Rain: Air Pollution Water Pollution
    • 13.7 The Inside Story: Indoor Air Pollution
    • 13.8 Stratospheric Ozone: Earth’s Vital Shield
    • 13.9 Carbon Dioxide and Climate Change
    • 13.10 Who Pollutes? Who Pays?
14. Water
    • 14.1 Water: Some Unique Properties
    • 14.2 Water in Nature
    • 14.3 Organic Contamination; Human and Animal Waste
    • 14.4 The World’s Water Crisis
    • 14.5 Tap Water and Government Standards for Drinking Water
    • 14.6 Water Consumption: Who Uses It and How Much?
    • 14.7 Making Water Fit to Drink
    • 14.8 Wastewater Treatment
15. Energy
    • 15.1 Our Sun, a Giant Nuclear Power Plant
    • 15.2 Energy and Chemical Reactions
    • 15.3 Reaction Rates
    • 15.4 The Laws of Thermodynamics
    • 15.5 Fuels and Energy: People, Horses, and Fossils
    • 15.6 Coal: The Carbon Rock of Ages
    • 15.7 Natural Gas and Petroleum
    • 15.8 Convenient Energy
    • 15.9 Nuclear Energy
    • 15.10 Renewable Energy Sources
16. Biochemistry
    • 16.1 Energy and the Living Cell
    • 16.2 Carbohydrates: A Storehouse of Energy
    • 16.3 Carbohydrates in the Diet
    • 16.4 Fats and Other Lipids
    • 16.5 Fats and Cholesterol
    • 16.6 Proteins: Polymers of Amino Acids
    • 16.7 Structure and Function of Proteins
    • 16.8 Protein in the Diet
    • 16.9 Nucleic Acids: Parts, Structure, and Function
    • 16.10 RNA: Protein Synthesis and the Genetic Code
    • 16.11 The Human Genome
17. Nutrition, Fitness, and Health
    • 17.1 Calories: Quality and Quantity
    • 17.2 Minerals
    • 17.3 Vitamins
    • 17.4 Fiber, Electrolytes, and Water
    • 17.5 Food Additives
    • 17.6 Starvation and Malnutrition
    • 17.7 Weight Loss, Diet, and Exercise
    • 17.8 Fitness and Muscle
18. Drugs
    • 18.1 Drugs from Nature and the Laboratory
    • 18.2 Pain Relievers: From Aspirin to Oxycodone
    • 18.3 Drugs and Infectious Diseases
    • 18.4 Chemicals against Cancer
    • 18.5 Hormones: The Regulators
    • 18.6 Drugs for the Heart
    • 18.7 Drugs and the Mind
    • 18.8 Drugs and Society
19. Chemistry Down on the Farm
    • 19.1 Growing Food with Fertilizers
    • 19.2 The War against Pests
    • 19.3 Herbicides and Defoliants
    • 19.4 Sustainable Agriculture
    • 19.5 Looking to the Future: Feeding a Growing, Hungry World
20. Household Chemicals
    • 20.1 Cleaning with Soap
    • 20.2 Synthetic Detergents
    • 20.3 Laundry Auxiliaries: Softeners and Bleaches
    • 20.4 All-Purpose and Special-Purpose Cleaning Products
    • 20.5 Solvents, Paints, and Waxes
    • 20.6 Cosmetics: Personal-Care Chemicals
21. Poisons
    • 21.1 Natural Poisons
    • 21.2 Poisons and How They Act
    • 21.3 More Chemistry of the Nervous System
    • 21.4 The Lethal Dose
    • 21.5 The Liver as a Detox Facility
    • 21.6 Carcinogens and Teratogens
    • 21.7 Hazardous Wastes

John Hill received his Ph.D. from the University of Arkansas. As an organic chemist, he published more than 50 papers, most of which have an educational bent. In addition to Chemistry for Changing Times, he authored or coauthored several introductory-level chemistry textbooks, all of which have been published in multiple editions. He presented over 60 papers at national conferences, many relating to chemical education. He received several awards for outstanding teaching and was active in the American Chemical Society, both locally and nationally. 

Terry McCreary received his Ph.D. in analytical chemistry from Virginia Tech. He has taught chemistry at Murray State University since 1988 and was presented with the Regents Excellence in Teaching Award in 2008. He is a member of the Kentucky Academy of Science and has served as technical editor for the Journal of Pyrotechnics. McCreary is author of several laboratory manuals for general chemistry and analytical chemistry, as well as General Chemistry with John Hill, Ralph Petrucci, and Scott Perry, and Experimental Composite Propellant, a fundamental monograph on the preparation and properties of solid rocket propellant. In his spare time, he designs, builds, and flies rockets with the Tripoli Rocketry Association of which he was elected president in 2010. He also enjoys gardening, machining, woodworking, and astronomy. 

Marilyn D. Duerst majored in chemistry, math, and German at St. Olaf College, graduating in 1963 and earned a Master's Degree from the University of California-Berkeley in 1966. For over five decades her talents in teaching have flourished in every venue imaginable, with students aged 4 to 84, but were focused on non-science majors, preservice and inservice teachers. She taught at the University of Wisconsin-River Falls from 1981 to 2015; in 2006 she was presented with the Outstanding Teaching Award. Now a Distinguished Lecturer in Chemistry, emerita, from UWRF, she is a Fellow of the American Chemical Society, an organization in which she has long been active both locally and nationally, particularly in outreach activities to the public. In 1999, she co-authored a book for children with John W. Hill entitled The Crimecracker Kids and the Bake-shop Break-in. Marilyn is a birder, rockhound and nature photographer, collects sand, minerals and elements, has traveled 4 continents, and studied a dozen languages. 

Rill Ann Reuter earned her B.A. in Chemistry from Connecticut College and her M.S. in Biochemistry from Yale University. She worked in academic research laboratories at Yale University, Princeton University, and the University of Massachusetts Medical School for twelve years, with a primary emphasis on nucleic acid research. After moving to Minnesota in 1980, she taught at Saint Mary's University of Minnesota, the College of Saint Teresa, and Winona State University and did research on photosynthesis. She retired from Winona State in 2015 as Professor Emerita of Chemistry. Over the years she has taught large numbers of general chemistry, non-science, and pre-nursing students. She was active in local and regional science fairs for 35 years and is a member of the American Chemical Society. She has a keen interest in history, politics, and classical music.