Student Study Guide and Selected Solutions Manual for Hill's Chemistry for Changing Times

The Study Guide and Selected Solutions Manual assists students with the text material. It contains learning objectives, chapter outlines, additional problems with self-tests and answers, and answers to the odd-numbered problems in the text.

Table of Contents:
Table of Contents Chemistry 1.1 Science and Technology: The Roots of Knowledge 1.2 Science: Reproducible, Testable, Tentative, Predictive, and Explanatory 1.3 Science and Technology: Risks and Benefit 1.4 Solving Society’s Problems: Scientific Research 1.5 Chemistry: A Study of Matter and Its Changes 1.6 Classification of Matter 1.7 The Measurement of Matter 1.8 Density 1.9 Energy: Heat and Temperature 1.10 Critical Thinking Atoms 2.1 Atoms: Ideas from the Ancient Greeks 2.2 Scientific Laws: Conservation of Mass and Definite Proportions 2.3 John Dalton and the Atomic Theory of Matter 2.4 The Mole and Molar Mass 2.5 Mendeleev and the Periodic Table 2.6 Atoms and Molecules: Real and Relevant Atomic Structure 3.1 Electricity and the Atom 3.2 Serendipity in Science: X-Rays and Radioactivity 3.3 Three Types of Radioactivity 3.4 Rutherford’s Experiment: The Nuclear Model of the Atom 3.5 The Atomic Nucleus 3.6 Electron Arrangement: The Bohr Model (Orbits) 3.7 Electron Arrangement: The Quantum Model (Orbitals/Subshells) 3.8 Electron Configurations and the Periodic Table Chemical Bonds 4.1 The Art of Deduction: Stable Electron Configurations 4.2 Lewis (Electron-Dot) Symbols 4.3 The Reaction of Sodium with Chlorine 4.4 Using Lewis Symbols for Ionic Compounds 4.5 Formulas and Names of Binary Ionic Compounds 4.6 Covalent Bonds: Shared Electron Pairs 4.7 Unequal Sharing: Polar Covalent Bonds 4.8 Polyatomic Molecules: Water, Ammonia, and Methane 4.9 Polyatomic Ions 4.10 Guidelines for Drawing Lewis Structures 4.11 Molecular Shapes: The VSEPR Theory 4.12 Shapes and Properties: Polar and Nonpolar Molecules Chemical Accounting 5.1 Chemical Sentences: Equations 5.2 Volume Relationships in chemical Equations 5.3 Avogadro’s Number and the Names 5.4 Molar Mass: Mole-to-Mass and Mass-to-Mole Conversions 5.5 Solutions Gases, Liquids, Solids…and Intermolecular Forces 6.1 Solids, Liquids, and Gases 6.2 Comparing Ionic and Molecular Substances 6.3 Forces between Molecules 6.4 Forces in Solutions 6.5 Gases: The Kinetic-Molecular Theory 6.6 The Simple Gas Laws 6.7 The Ideal Gas Law Acids and Bases 7.1 Acids and Bases: Experimental Definitions 7.2 Acids, Bases, and Salts 7.3 Acidic and Basic Anhydrides 7.4 Strong and Weak Acids and Bases 7.5 Neutralization 7.6 The pH Scale 7.7 Buffers and Conjugate Acid-Base Pairs 7.8 Acids and Bases in Industry and in Daily Life Oxidation and Reduction 8.1 Oxidation and Reduction: Four Views 8.2 Oxidizing and Reducing Agents 8.3 Electrochemistry: Cells and Batteries 8.4 Corrosion and Explosion 8.5 Oxygen: An Abundant and Essential Oxidizing Agent 8.6 Some Common Reducing Agents 8.7 Oxidation, Reduction, and Living Things Organic Chemistry 9.1 Organic Chemistry and Compounds 9.2 Aliphatic Hydrocarbons 9.3 Aromatic Compounds: Benzene and Its Relatives 9.4 Halogenated Hydrocarbons: Many Uses, Some Hazards 9.5 Functional and Alkyl Groups 9.6 Alcohols, Phenols, Ethers, and Thiols 9.7 Aldehydes and Ketones 9.8 Carboxylic Acids and Esters 9.9 Nitrogen-Containing Compounds: Amines and Amides Polymers 10.1 Polymerization: Making Big Ones Out of Little Ones 10.2 Polyethylene: From the Battle of Britain to Bread Bags 10.3 Addition Polymerization: One + One + One + … Gives One! 10.4 Rubber and Other Elastomers 10.5 Condensation Polymers 10.6 Properties of Polymers 10.7 Plastics and the Environment Nuclear Chemistry 11.1 Natural Radioactivity 11.2 Nuclear Equations 11.3 Half-Life and Radioisotopic Dating 11.4 Artificial Transmutation 11.5 Uses of Radioisotopes 11.6 Penetrating Power of Radiation 11.7 Energy from the Nucleus 11.8 Nuclear Bombs 11.9 Uses and Consequences of Nuclear Energy Chemistry of Earth 12.1 Spaceship Earth: Structure and Composition 12.2 Silicates and the Shapes of Things 12.3 Carbonates: Caves, Chalk, and Limestone 12.4 Metals and Their Ores 12.5 Salts and “Table Salt” 12.6 Gemstones and Semi-Precious Stones 12.7 Earth’s Dwindling Resources Air 13.1 Earth’s Atmosphere: Divisions and Composition 13.2 Chemistry of the Atmosphere 13.3 Pollution through the Ages 13.4 Automobile Emissions 13.5 Photochemical Smog: Making Haze While the Sun Shines 13.6 Acid Rain: Air Pollution Water Pollution 13.7 The Inside Story: Indoor Air Pollution 13.8 Stratospheric Ozone: Earth’s Vital Shield 13.9 Carbon Dioxide and Climate Change 13.10 Who Pollutes? Who Pays? Water 14.1 Water: Some Unique Properties 14.2 Water in Nature 14.3 Organic Contamination; Human and Animal Waste 14.4 The World’s Water Crisis 14.5 Tap Water and Government Standards for Drinking Water 14.6 Water Consumption: Who Uses It and How Much? 14.7 Making Water Fit to Drink 14.8 Wastewater Treatment Energy 15.1 Our Sun, a Giant Nuclear Power Plant 15.2 Energy and Chemical Reactions 15.3 Reaction Rates 15.4 The Laws of Thermodynamics 15.5 Fuels and Energy: People, Horses, and Fossils 15.6 Coal: The Carbon Rock of Ages 15.7 Natural Gas and Petroleum 15.8 Convenient Energy 15.9 Nuclear Energy 15.10 Renewable Energy Sources Biochemistry 16.1 Energy and the Living Cell 16.2 Carbohydrates: A Storehouse of Energy 16.3 Carbohydrates in the Diet 16.4 Fats and Other Lipids 16.5 Fats and Cholesterol 16.6 Proteins: Polymers of Amino Acids 16.7 Structure and Function of Proteins 16.8 Protein in the Diet 16.9 Nucleic Acids: Parts, Structure, and Function 16.10 RNA: Protein Synthesis and the Genetic Code 16.11 The Human Genome Nutrition, Fitness, and Health 17.1 Calories: Quality and Quantity 17.2 Minerals 17.3 Vitamins 17.4 Fiber, Electrolytes, and Water 17.5 Food Additives 17.6 Starvation and Malnutrition 17.7 Weight Loss, Diet, and Exercise 17.8 Fitness and Muscle Drugs 18.1 Drugs from Nature and the Laboratory 18.2 Pain Relievers: From Aspirin to Oxycodone 18.3 Drugs and Infectious Diseases 18.4 Chemicals against Cancer 18.5 Hormones: The Regulators 18.6 Drugs for the Heart 18.7 Drugs and the Mind 18.8 Drugs and Society Chemistry Down on the Farm 19.1 Growing Food with Fertilizers 19.2 The War against Pests 19.3 Herbicides and Defoliants 19.4 Sustainable Agriculture 19.5 Looking to the Future: Feeding a Growing, Hungry World Household Chemicals 20.1 Cleaning with Soap 20.2 Synthetic Detergents 20.3 Laundry Auxiliaries: Softeners and Bleaches 20.4 All-Purpose and Special-Purpose Cleaning Products 20.5 Solvents, Paints, and Waxes 20.6 Cosmetics: Personal-Care Chemicals Poisons 21.1 Natural Poisons 21.2 Poisons and How They Act 21.3 More Chemistry of the Nervous System 21.4 The Lethal Dose 21.5 The Liver as a Detox Facility 21.6 Carcinogens and Teratogens 21.7 Hazardous Wastes

About the Author :
About our authors John Hill received his Ph.D. from the University of Arkansas. As an organic chemist, he published more than 50 papers, most of which have an educational bent. In addition to Chemistry for Changing Times, he authored or coauthored several introductory-level chemistry textbooks, all of which have been published in multiple editions. He presented over 60 papers at national conferences, many relating to chemical education. He received several awards for outstanding teaching and was active in the American Chemical Society, both locally and nationally.  Terry McCreary received his Ph.D. in analytical chemistry from Virginia Tech. He has taught chemistry at Murray State University since 1988 and was presented with the Regents Excellence in Teaching Award in 2008. He is a member of the Kentucky Academy of Science and has served as technical editor for the Journal of Pyrotechnics. McCreary is author of several laboratory manuals for general chemistry and analytical chemistry, as well as General Chemistry with John Hill, Ralph Petrucci, and Scott Perry, and Experimental Composite Propellant, a fundamental monograph on the preparation and properties of solid rocket propellant. In his spare time, he designs, builds, and flies rockets with the Tripoli Rocketry Association of which he was elected president in 2010. He also enjoys gardening, machining, woodworking, and astronomy.  Marilyn D. Duerst majored in chemistry, math, and German at St. Olaf College, graduating in 1963 and earned a Master's Degree from the University of California-Berkeley in 1966. For over five decades her talents in teaching have flourished in every venue imaginable, with students aged 4 to 84, but were focused on non-science majors, preservice and inservice teachers. She taught at the University of Wisconsin-River Falls from 1981 to 2015; in 2006 she was presented with the Outstanding Teaching Award. Now a Distinguished Lecturer in Chemistry, emerita, from UWRF, she is a Fellow of the American Chemical Society, an organization in which she has long been active both locally and nationally, particularly in outreach activities to the public. In 1999, she co-authored a book for children with John W. Hill entitled The Crimecracker Kids and the Bake-shop Break-in. Marilyn is a birder, rockhound and nature photographer, collects sand, minerals and elements, has traveled 4 continents, and studied a dozen languages.  Rill Ann Reuter earned her B.A. in Chemistry from Connecticut College and her M.S. in Biochemistry from Yale University. She worked in academic research laboratories at Yale University, Princeton University, and the University of Massachusetts Medical School for twelve years, with a primary emphasis on nucleic acid research. After moving to Minnesota in 1980, she taught at Saint Mary's University of Minnesota, the College of Saint Teresa, and Winona State University and did research on photosynthesis. She retired from Winona State in 2015 as Professor Emerita of Chemistry. Over the years she has taught large numbers of general chemistry, non-science, and pre-nursing students. She was active in local and regional science fairs for 35 years and is a member of the American Chemical Society. She has a keen interest in history, politics, and classical music.