Troubleshooting Cisco Nexus Switches and NX-OS
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Troubleshooting Cisco Nexus Switches and NX-OS: (Networking Technology)

Troubleshooting Cisco Nexus Switches and NX-OS: (Networking Technology)


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About the Book

The definitive deep-dive guide to hardware and software troubleshooting on Cisco Nexus switches The Cisco Nexus platform and NX-OS switch operating system combine to deliver unprecedented speed, capacity, resilience, and flexibility in today's data center networks. Troubleshooting Cisco Nexus Switches and NX-OS is your single reference for quickly identifying and solving problems with these business-critical technologies. Three expert authors draw on deep experience with large Cisco customers, emphasizing the most common issues in real-world deployments, including problems that have caused major data center outages. Their authoritative, hands-on guidance addresses both features and architecture, helping you troubleshoot both control plane forwarding and data plane/data path problems and use NX-OS APIs to automate and simplify troubleshooting. Throughout, you'll find real-world configurations, intuitive illustrations, and practical insights into key platform-specific behaviors. This is an indispensable technical resource for all Cisco network consultants, system/support engineers, network operations professionals, and CCNP/CCIE certification candidates working in the data center domain. ·         Understand the NX-OS operating system and its powerful troubleshooting tools ·         Solve problems with cards, hardware drops, fabrics, and CoPP policies ·         Troubleshoot network packet switching and forwarding ·         Properly design, implement, and troubleshoot issues related to Virtual Port Channels (VPC and VPC+) ·         Optimize routing through filtering or path manipulation ·         Optimize IP/IPv6 services and FHRP protocols (including HSRP, VRRP, and Anycast HSRP) ·         Troubleshoot EIGRP, OSPF, and IS-IS neighbor relationships and routing paths ·         Identify and resolve issues with Nexus route maps ·         Locate problems with BGP neighbor adjacencies and enhance path selection ·         Troubleshoot high availability components (BFD, SSO, ISSU, and GIR) ·         Understand multicast protocols and troubleshooting techniques ·         Identify and solve problems with OTV ·         Use NX-OS APIs to automate troubleshooting and administrative tasks  

Table of Contents:
Foreword xxvi Introduction xxvii Part I Introduction to Troubleshooting Nexus Switches Chapter 1 Introduction to Nexus Operating System (NX-OS) 1 Nexus Platforms Overview 2     Nexus 2000 Series 2     Nexus 3000 Series 3     Nexus 5000 Series 4     Nexus 6000 Series 4     Nexus 7000 Series 5     Nexus 9000 Series 6 NX-OS Architecture 8     The Kernel 9     System Manager (sysmgr) 9     Messages and Transactional Services 11     Persistent Storage Services 13     Feature Manager 14     NX-OS Line Card Microcode 17     File Systems 19 Understanding NX-OS Software Releases and Packaging 25     Software Maintenance Upgrades 27     Licensing 28 NX-OS High-Availability Infrastructure 28     Supervisor Redundancy 29     ISSU 34 NX-OS Virtualization Features 35     Virtual Device Contexts 35     Virtual Routing and Forwarding 37     Virtual Port Channel 37 Management and Operations Capabilities 39     NX-OS Advanced CLI 39     Technical Support Files 44     Accounting Log 45     Feature Event-History 46     Debug Options: Log File and Filters 47     Configuration Checkpoint and Rollback 48     Consistency Checkers 49     Feature Scheduler, EEM, and Python 50     Bash Shell 51 Summary 51 References 51 Chapter 2 NX-OS Troubleshooting Tools 53 Packet Capture: Network Sniffer 53     Encapsulated Remote SPAN 57     SPAN on Latency and Drop 60 Nexus Platform Tools 63     Ethanalyzer 63     Packet Tracer 71 NetFlow 72     NetFlow Configuration 73     NetFlow Sampling 77     sFlow 78 Network Time Protocol 81 Embedded Event Manager 83 Logging 87     Debug Logfiles 90     Accounting Log 91     Event-History 92 Summary 93 References 93 Chapter 3 Troubleshooting Nexus Platform Issues 95 Troubleshooting Hardware Issues 95     Generic Online Diagnostic Tests 98     Nexus Device Health Checks 108     Nexus Fabric Extenders 124 Virtual Device Context 130     VDC Resource Template 131     Configuring VDC 133     VDC Initialization 134     Out-of-Band and In-Band Management 137     VDC Management 137 Troubleshooting NX-OS System Components 142     Message and Transaction Services 144     Netstack and Packet Manager 148     ARP and Adjacency Manager 160     EthPM and Port-Client 175 HWRL, CoPP, and System QoS 179     MTU Settings 192 Summary 195 References 196 Part II Troubleshooting Layer 2 Forwarding Chapter 4 Nexus Switching 197 Network Layer 2 Communication Overview 197 Virtual LANs 200     VLAN Creation 201     Access Ports 203     Trunk Ports 204     Private VLANS 207 Spanning Tree Protocol Fundamentals 218     IEEE 802.1D Spanning Tree Protocol 219     Rapid Spanning Tree Protocol 220     Multiple Spanning-Tree Protocol (MST) 236 Detecting and Remediating Forwarding Loops 241     MAC Address Notifications 242     BPDU Guard 243     BPDU Filter 244     Problems with Unidirectional Links 245 Summary 252 References 254 Chapter 5 Port-Channels, Virtual Port-Channels, and FabricPath 255 Port-Channels 255     Basic Port-Channel Configuration 259     Verifying Port-Channel Status 260     Verifying LACP Packets 262     Advanced LACP Configuration Options 265     LACP System Priority 268     Port-Channel Member Interface Consistency 271     Troubleshooting LACP Interface Establishment 272     Troubleshooting Traffic Load-Balancing 272 Virtual Port-Channel 274     vPC Fundamentals 275     vPC Configuration 278     vPC Verification 280     Advanced vPC Features 288 FabricPath 294     FabricPath Terminologies and Components 296     FabricPath Packet Flow 297     FabricPath Configuration 300     FabricPath Verification and Troubleshooting 303     FabricPath Devices 310 Emulated Switch and vPC+ 310     vPC+ Configuration 311     vPC+ Verification and Troubleshooting 314 Summary 320 References 320 Part III Troubleshooting Layer 3 Routing Chapter 6 Troubleshooting IP and IPv6 Services 321 IP SLA 321     ICMP Echo Probe 322     UDP Echo Probe 324     UDP Jitter Probe 325     TCP Connect Probe 328 Object Tracking 329     Object Tracking for the Interface 330     Object Tracking for Route State 330     Object Tracking for Track-List State 332     Using Track Objects with Static Routes 334 IPv4 Services 335     DHCP Relay 335     DHCP Snooping 341     Dynamic ARP Inspection 345     IP Source Guard 349     Unicast RPF 351 IPv6 Services 352     Neighbor Discovery 352     IPv6 Address Assignment 357     IPv6 First-Hop Security 362 First-Hop Redundancy Protocol 370     HSRP 370     VRRP 380     GLBP 385 Summary 391 Chapter 7 Troubleshooting Enhanced Interior Gateway Routing Protocol (EIGRP) 393 EIGRP Fundamentals 393     Topology Table 395     Path Metric Calculation 396     EIGRP Communication 399     Baseline EIGRP Configuration 399 Troubleshooting EIGRP Neighbor Adjacency 401     Verification of Active Interfaces 402     Passive Interface 403     Verification of EIGRP Packets 405     Connectivity Must Exist Using the Primary Subnet 409     EIGRP ASN Mismatch 412     Mismatch K Values 413     Problems with Hello and Hold Timers 414     EIGRP Authentication Issues 416 Troubleshooting Path Selection and Missing Routes 419     Load Balancing 421     Stub 421     Maximum-Hops 424     Distribute List 426     Offset Lists 427     Interface-Based Settings 430     Redistribution 430     Classic Metrics vs. Wide Metrics 433 Problems with Convergence 439     Active Query 441     Stuck in Active 443 Summary 446 References 447 Chapter 8 Troubleshooting Open Shortest Path First (OSPF) 449 OSPF Fundamentals 449     Inter-Router Communication 450     OSPF Hello Packets 450     Neighbor States 451     Designated Routers 452     Areas 453     Link State Advertisements 453 Troubleshooting OSPF Neighbor Adjacency 456     Baseline OSPF Configuration 456     OSPF Neighbor Verification 458     Confirmation of OSPF Interfaces 460     Passive Interface 461     Verification of OSPF Packets 463     Connectivity Must Exist Using the Primary Subnet 468     MTU Requirements 469     Unique Router-ID 471     Interface Area Numbers Must Match 471     OSPF Stub (Area Flags) Settings Must Match 473     DR Requirements 474     Timers 476     Authentication 478 Troubleshooting Missing Routes 482     Discontiguous Network 482     Duplicate Router ID 485     Filtering Routes 487     Redistribution 487     OSPF Forwarding Address 488 Troubleshooting OSPF Path Selection 494     Intra-Area Routes 494     Inter-Area Routes 495     External Route Selection 495     E1 and N1 External Routes 496     E2 and N2 External Routes 497     Problems with Intermixed RFC 1583 and RFC 2328 Devices 499     Interface Link Costs 500 Summary 504 References 505 Chapter 9 Troubleshooting Intermediate System-Intermediate System (IS-IS) 507 IS-IS Fundamentals 507     Areas 508     NET Addressing 509     Inter-Router Communication 511     IS Protocol Header 511     TLVs 512     IS PDU Addressing 512     IS-IS Hello (IIH) Packets 513     Link-State Packets 515     Designated Intermediate System 516     Path Selection 517 Troubleshooting IS-IS Neighbor Adjacency 518     Baseline IS-IS Configuration 518     IS-IS Neighbor Verification 520     Confirmation of IS-IS Interfaces 523     Passive Interface 526     Verification of IS-IS Packets 528     Connectivity Must Exist Using the Primary Subnet 535     MTU Requirements 537     Unique System-ID 539     Area Must Match Between L1 Adjacencies 539     Checking IS-IS Adjacency Capabilities 541     DIS Requirements 543     IIH Authentication 544 Troubleshooting Missing Routes 546     Duplicate System ID 546     Interface Link Costs 549     Mismatch of Metric Modes 553     L1 to L2 Route Propagations 556     Suboptimal Routing 562     Redistribution 566 Summary 567 References 568 Chapter 10 Troubleshooting Nexus Route-Maps 569 Conditional Matching 569     Access Control Lists 569     ACLs and ACL Manager Component 570     Prefix Matching and Prefix-Lists 577 Route-Maps 581     Conditional Matching 582     Optional Actions 586     Incomplete Configuration of Routing Policies 586     Diagnosing Route Policy Manger 586 Policy-Based Routing 591 Summary 594 References 595 Chapter 11 Troubleshooting BGP 597 BGP Fundamentals 597     Address Families 598     Path Attributes 599     Loop Prevention 599 BGP Sessions 600     BGP Identifier 601     BGP Messages 601     BGP Neighbor States 602     BGP Configuration and Verification 605 Troubleshooting BGP Peering Issues 609     Troubleshooting BGP Peering Down Issues 609     Demystifying BGP Notifications 619     Troubleshooting IPv6 Peers 621     BGP Peer Flapping Issues 622 BGP Route Processing and Route Propagation 630     BGP Route Advertisement 631     BGP Best Path Calculation 636     BGP Multipath 640     BGP Update Generation Process 643     BGP Convergence 646 Scaling BGP 649     Tuning BGP Memory 650     Soft Reconfiguration Inbound Versus Route Refresh 654     Scaling BGP with Route-Reflectors 657     Maximum Prefixes 659     BGP Max AS 662 BGP Route Filtering and Route Policies 662     Prefix-List-Based Filtering 663     Filter-Lists 669 BGP Route-Maps 673     Regular Expressions (RegEx) 676     AS-Path Access List 684     BGP Communities 684 Looking Glass and Route Servers 687 Logs Collection 687 Summary 687 Further Reading 688 References 688 Part IV Troubleshooting High Availability Chapter 12 High Availability 689 Bidirectional Forwarding Detection 689     Asynchronous Mode 691     Asynchronous Mode with Echo Function 693     Configuring and Verifying BFD Sessions 693 Nexus High Availability 707     Stateful Switchover 707     ISSU 713 Graceful Insertion and Removal 719     Custom Maintenance Profile 727 Summary 731 References 732 Part V Multicast Network Traffic Chapter 13 Troubleshooting Multicast 733 Multicast Fundamentals 734     Multicast Terminology 735     Layer 2 Multicast Addresses 738     Layer 3 Multicast Addresses 739 NX-OS Multicast Architecture 741     Replication 744     Protecting the Central Processing Unit 745     NX-OS Multicast Implementation 747 IGMP 750     IGMPv2 751     IGMPv3 752     IGMP Snooping 756     IGMP Verification 761 PIM Multicast 771     PIM Protocol State and Trees 772     PIM Message Types 773     PIM Interface and Neighbor Verification 780     PIM Any Source Multicast 785     PIM Bidirectional 799     PIM RP Configuration 811     PIM Source Specific Multicast 841 Multicast and Virtual Port-Channel 848     vPC-Connected Source 849     vPC-Connected Receiver 861     vPC Considerations for Multicast Traffic 870 Ethanalyzer Examples 871 Summary 871 References 872 Part VI Troubleshooting Nexus Tunneling Chapter 14 Troubleshooting Overlay Transport Virtualization (OTV) 875 OTV Fundamentals 875     Flood Control and Broadcast Optimization 877     Supported OTV Platforms 878     OTV Terminology 878     Deploying OTV 881 Understanding and Verifying the OTV Control Plane 885     OTV Multicast Mode 887     OTV IS-IS Adjacency Verification 888     OTV IS-IS Topology Table 898     OTV IS-IS Authentication 905     Adjacency Server Mode 907     OTV Control Plane Policing (CoPP) 912 Understanding and Verifying the OTV Data Plane 913     OTV ARP Resolution and ARP-ND-Cache 915     Broadcasts 917     Unknown Unicast Frames 918     OTV Unicast Traffic with a Multicast Enabled Transport 919     OTV Multicast Traffic with a Multicast Enabled Transport 924     OTV Multicast Traffic with a Unicast Transport (Adjacency Server Mode) 932 Advanced OTV Features 937     First Hop Routing Protocol Localization 938     Multihoming 939     Ingress Routing Optimization 940     VLAN Translation 941     OTV Tunnel Depolarization 942     OTV Fast Failure Detection 944 Summary 946 References 947 Part VII Network Programmability Chapter 15 Programmability and Automation 949 Introduction to Automation and Programmability 949 Introduction to Open NX-OS 950     Shells and Scripting 951 NX-SDK 964 NX-API 968 Summary 975 References 975   9781587145056    TOC    4/24/2018  

About the Author :
Vinit Jain, CCIE No. 22854 (R&S, SP, Security & DC), is a technical leader with the Cisco Technical Assistance Center (TAC) providing escalation support in areas of routing and data center technologies. Vinit is a speaker at various networking forums, including Cisco Live events globally on various topics. Prior to joining Cisco, Vinit worked as a CCIE trainer and a network consultant. In addition to his CCIEs, Vinit holds multiple certifications on programming and databases. Vinit graduated from Delhi University in Mathematics and earned his Master's in nformation Technology from Kuvempu University in India. Vinit can be found on Twitter as @VinuGenie. Brad Edgeworth, CCIE No. 31574 (R&S & SP), is a systems engineer at Cisco Systems. Brad is a distinguished speaker at Cisco Live, where he has presented on various topics. Before joining Cisco, Brad worked as a network architect and consultant for various Fortune 500 companies. Brad’s expertise is based on enterprise and service provider environments with an emphasis on architectural and operational simplicity. Brad holds a Bachelor of Arts degree in Computer Systems Management from St. Edward’s University in Austin, Texas. Brad can be found on Twitter as @BradEdgeworth. Richard Furr, CCIE No. 9173 (R&S & SP), is a technical leader with the Cisco Technical Assistance Center (TAC), supporting customers and TAC teams around the world. For the past 17 years, Richard has worked for the Cisco TAC and High Touch Technical Support (HTTS) organizations, supporting service provider, enterprise, and data center environments. Richard specializes in resolving complex problems found with routing protocols, MPLS, multicast, and network overlay technologies.


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Product Details
  • ISBN-13: 9780134783208
  • Publisher: Pearson Education (US)
  • Publisher Imprint: Cisco Press
  • Language: English
  • Series Title: Networking Technology
  • ISBN-10: 0134783204
  • Publisher Date: 28 Aug 2019
  • Binding: Digital online
  • No of Pages: 1072


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