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Home > Medicine & Health Science textbooks > Nursing and ancillary services > Nursing > NCLEX-RN Exam Prep: (Exam Prep)
NCLEX-RN Exam Prep: (Exam Prep)

NCLEX-RN Exam Prep: (Exam Prep)


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About the Book

Score Higher on the NCLEX-RN® Exam!   This is the eBook version of the print title. The eBook edition does not provide access to the test engine and practice test that accompanies the print book.   We provide you with the proven study tools and expert insight that will help you score higher on your exam   www.pearsonITcertification.com   Study Tips like the advice and instruction that a personal tutor might provide Notes, Tips, and Cautions provide you with hints and strategies that will help you reduce your mistakes on the exam Comprehensive discussion of all subject areas covered on the NCLEX-RN® Exam Practice Questions that include detailed explanations of correct and incorrect answers–so you can learn the material from your success and mistakes COMPREHENSIVE! Succeed with comprehensive learning and practice tests   Master the NCLEX-RN® exam materials in all tested subject areas Prepare with four comprehensive practice tests Analyze your test readiness and areas for further study with topic-focused chapter tests Learn important test-taking strategies to maximize your score and diminish your anxiety    

Table of Contents:
Introduction . . . . . . . . . . 1     Organization . . . . . . . . 2     Instructional Features . . . . . . . . 2     Extensive Practice Test Options. . . . . . . 3     Final Review . . . . . . . . . 3         Other Valuable Tools . . . . . . . 4     About the NCLEX Exam . . . . . . . 4         Advice for Preparing for the Exam . . . . . . 6         Advice for Test Day . . . . . . . 6         Hints for Using This Book . . . . . . . 7     Contact the Author . . . . . . . . 8 Study and Exam Preparation Tips . . . . . . . 9     Study Tips . . . . . . . . . 9     Exam Prep Tips . . . . . . . . 10         Read the Question Carefully . . . . . . 11         Look for Keywords . . . . . . . 11         Watch for Specific Details . . . . . . . 11         Eliminate Options That Are Clearly Wrong or Incorrect . . . 11         Look for Similar Options . . . . . . . 12         Look for Opposite Answers . . . . . . 13 Part I: Exam Preparation Chapter 1: Pharmacology . . . . . . . . . 15     Three Areas of Pharmacology . . . . . . . 15     How Nurses Work with Pharmacology . . . . . . 16     Time-released Drugs. . . . . . . . 17     Administering Medications. . . . . . . 18         The Seven Rights of Administering Medication . . . . 18     Understanding and Identifying the Various Drugs . . . . . 19         Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors . . . . . 19         Beta Adrenergic Blockers . . . . . . . 20         Anti-Infectives (Aminoglycosides) . . . . . . 21         Benzodiazepines (Anticonvulsants/Antianxiety). . . . 23         Phenothiazines (Antipsychotic/Antiemetic) . . . . . 24         Glucocorticoids . . . . . . . . 25         Antivirals . . . . . . . . 27         Cholesterol-Lowering Agents . . . . . . 28         Angiotensin Receptor Blockers . . . . . . 29         Histamine 2 Antagonists . . . . . . . 30         Proton Pump Inhibitors . . . . . . . 31         Anticoagulants . . . . . . . . 32         More Drug Identification Helpers . . . . . . 33     Herbals . . . . . . . . . 34     Drug Schedules . . . . . . . . 35     Pregnancy Categories for Drugs . . . . . . . 35     Key Concepts . . . . . . . . . 36         Key Terms . . . . . . . . 36     Apply Your Knowledge . . . . . . . . 37         Answer Rationales . . . . . . . 39 Chapter 2: Fluid and Electrolyte and Acid/Base Balance . . . . . . 41     Total Body Water Calculation . . . . . . . 41     Management of the Client with Imbalances in Fluid and Electrolytes . . . 43         Types of Intravenous Fluids . . . . . . 43         How the Body Regulates Electrolytes. . . . . 44         How the Body Regulates pH . . . . . . 52     Key Concepts . . . . . . . . . 60         Key Terms . . . . . . . . 60         Diagnostic Tests . . . . . . . . 60         Pharmacological Agents Used in the Treatment of Clients with Alterations in Fluids and Electrolytes . . . . . . . 60     Apply Your Knowledge . . . . . . . . 61         Exam Questions . . . . . . . . 62         Answers to Exam Questions . . . . . . 64     Suggested Reading and Resources. . . . . . 65 Chapter 3: Care of the Client with Cardiovascular Disorders . . . . . . 67     Hypertension . . . . . . . . . 68         Diagnosing the Client with Hypertension . . . . . 69         Managing the Client with Hypertension . . . . . 69     Coronary Artery Disease. . . . . . . 71         Atherosclerosis and Arteriosclerosis . . . . . . 71     Conduction System of the Heart. . . . . . . 72         Heart Block. . . . . . . . 73     Cardiac Monitoring . . . . . . . . 74         Reading an Electrocardiogram. . . . . . 76     Cardiac Dysrhythmias . . . . . . . . 76         Ventricular Tachycardia. . . . . . . 78         Ventricular Fibrillation . . . . . . . 79         Internal Pacemaker/Internal Cardiac Defibrillators . . . . 79         Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation . . . . . . 80     Angina Pectoris . . . . . . . . 81     Myocardial Infarction . . . . . . . . 82         Diagnosis of Myocardial Infarction . . . . . . 82         Management of a Client with Myocardial Infarction . . . . 83     Aneurysms. . . . . . . . . 89     Inflammatory Diseases of the Heart . . . . . . 90         Infective Endocarditis . . . . . . . 90         Pericarditis . . . . . . . . 91         Peripheral Vascular Disease . . . . . . 91     Varicose Veins/Thrombophlebitis . . . . . . 92     Raynaud’s Phenomenon . . . . . . . 93     Buerger’s Disease . . . . . . . . 93     Key Concepts . . . . . . . . . 94     Key Terms. . . . . . . . . 94     Diagnostics . . . . . . . . . 95         Pharmacological Agents Used in the Treatment of Clients with Cardiovascular Disorders. . . . . . . . 96     Apply Your Knowledge . . . . . . . 101         Exam Questions . . . . . . . . 101         Answers to Exam Questions . . . . . . 103     Suggested Reading and Resources. . . . . . 104 Chapter 4: Care of the Client with Endocrine Disorders . . . . . . 105     Pituitary Gland. . . . . . . . 106         Hypopituitarism . . . . . . . . 106         Hyperpituitarism . . . . . . . 106         Disorders of the Posterior Pituitary Gland . . . . . 107     Thyroid Disorders . . . . . . . . 108         Hypothyroidism . . . . . . . . 108         Hyperthyroidism . . . . . . . 110     Parathyroid Disorders . . . . . . . . 112         Hypoparathyroidism . . . . . . . 112         Hyperparathyroidism. . . . . . . 113     Diabetes Mellitus . . . . . . . . 114         Hyperglycemia . . . . . . . . 116         Hypoglycemia. . . . . . . . 117         Managing Hyperglycemia and Hypoglycemia. . . . 117     Adrenal Gland . . . . . . . . 118         Adrenal Gland Disorders . . . . . . . 119     Key Concepts . . . . . . . . 123         Key Terms . . . . . . . . 123         Diagnostics . . . . . . . . 124         Pharmacological Agents Used to Treat Clients with Endocrine Disorders. 124     Apply Your Knowledge . . . . . . . 128         Exam Questions . . . . . . . . 128         Answers to Exam Questions . . . . . . 130     Suggested Reading and Resources. . . . . . 131 Chapter 5: Care of the Client with Respiratory Disorders. . . . . . 133     Noninfectious Disorders of the Lower Respiratory Tract . . . . 133         Chronic Bronchitis. . . . . . . 133         Emphysema. . . . . . . . 134         Asthma. . . . . . . . . 135         Pleurisy . . . . . . . . 137         Pulmonary Hypertension . . . . . . . 138         Interstitial Pulmonary Disease . . . . . . 139         Sarcoidosis. . . . . . . . 139         Pulmonary Fibrosis . . . . . . . 140         Occupational Pulmonary Disease . . . . . . 140     Infectious Disorders of the Lower Respiratory Tract. . . . 142         Pneumonia . . . . . . . . 142         Tuberculosis . . . . . . . . 145         Influenza . . . . . . . . 147     Life-Threatening Pulmonary Disorders. . . . . . 148         Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome. . . . . 148         Pulmonary Embolus . . . . . . . 152         Pneumothorax . . . . . . . . 154         Hemothorax . . . . . . . . 155     Emerging Infections . . . . . . . . 158         SARS . . . . . . . . . 158         Legionnaires’ Disease . . . . . . . 159     Key Concepts . . . . . . . . 161         Key Terms . . . . . . . . 161         Diagnostic Tests . . . . . . . . 161         Pharmacological Agents Used in the Care of the Client with Disorders of the Respiratory System . . . . . . . 162     Apply Your Knowledge . . . . . . . 165         Exam Questions . . . . . . . . 166         Answers to Exam Questions . . . . . . 168     Suggested Reading and Resources. . . . . . 169 Chapter 6: Care of the Client with Genitourinary Disorders . . . . . . 171     Renal Disorders . . . . . . . . 172         Acute Glomerulonephritis . . . . . . 172         Chronic Glomerulonephritis . . . . . . 173         Goodpasture’s Syndrome . . . . . . . 174         Nephrotic Syndrome . . . . . . . 175         Polycystic Kidney Disease . . . . . . 176         Hydronephrosis/Hydroureteronephrosis . . . . . 177         Pyelonephritis. . . . . . . . 178     Acute and Chronic Renal Failure . . . . . . 179         Chronic Renal Failure . . . . . . . 180         Peritoneal Dialysis . . . . . . . 181         Hemodialysis. . . . . . . . 182         Continuous Renal Replacement Therapy. . . . . 183         Renal Transplantation . . . . . . . 184     Urinary Disorders . . . . . . . . 185         Cystitis. . . . . . . . . 185         Urinary Incontinence . . . . . . . 187         Urolithiasis . . . . . . . . 188     Genitourinary Disorders. . . . . . . 189         Prostatitis . . . . . . . . 190         Benign Prostatic Hypertrophy . . . . . . 190         Erectile Dysfunction . . . . . . . 191         Epididymitis . . . . . . . . 193         Priapism. . . . . . . . 193     Key Concepts . . . . . . . . 195         Key Terms . . . . . . . . 195         Diagnostics . . . . . . . . 195         Pharmacologic Agents for the Client with Genitourinary Disorders. . 196     Apply Your Knowledge . . . . . . . 200         Exam Questions . . . . . . . . 200         Answers to Exam Questions . . . . . . 202     Suggested Reading and Resources. . . . . . 203 Chapter 7: Care of the Client with Integumentary Disorders . . . . . . 205     Common Infections of the Integumentary System . . . . . 205         Viral Infections . . . . . . . . 205         Fungal Infections . . . . . . . 207         Bacterial Infections . . . . . . . 208     Psoriasis. . . . . . . . . 208     Pressure Ulcers. . . . . . . . 209     Burns . . . . . . . . . 212         Burn Classifications . . . . . . . 213         Burn Measurement with TBSA . . . . . . 214         Nursing Care for Burn Victims . . . . . . 215     Key Concepts . . . . . . . . 223         Key Terms . . . . . . . . 223         Diagnostic Tests . . . . . . . . 223         Pharmacological Agents Used in the Care of the Client with Integumentary Disorders. . . . . . . . 224     Apply Your Knowledge . . . . . . . 226         Exam Questions . . . . . . . . 226         Answers to Exam Questions . . . . . . 228     Suggested Reading and Resources. . . . . . 229 Chapter 8: Care of the Client with Sensory Disorders. . . . . . 231     Disorders of the Eyes . . . . . . . . 231         Intraocular Disorders . . . . . . . 232         Uveitis . . . . . . . . . 236         Corneal Dystrophy and Corneal Transplantation . . . . 236         Retinal Disorders . . . . . . . 236         Refractive Errors . . . . . . . 239         Traumatic Injuries . . . . . . . 240         Ocular Melanoma . . . . . . . 240     Disorders of the Ears. . . . . . . . 242         Otitis Externa . . . . . . . . 243         Otitis Media . . . . . . . . 243         Mastoiditis. . . . . . . . 244         Ménière’s Disease. . . . . . . 244         Acoustic Neuroma . . . . . . . 245         Otosclerosis. . . . . . . . 245         Presbycusis . . . . . . . . 246         Ear Trauma . . . . . . . . 246         Assisting Clients with Hearing Loss . . . . . 247     Key Concepts . . . . . . . . 250         Key Terms . . . . . . . . 250         Diagnostic Tests . . . . . . . . 251         Pharmacological Agents Used in the Care of the Client with Disorders of the Eyes and Ears . . . . . . . . 251     Apply Your Knowledge . . . . . . . 253         Exam Questions . . . . . . . . 253         Answers to Exam Questions . . . . . . 255     Suggested Reading and Resources. . . . . . 256 Chapter 9: Care of the Client with Gastrointestinal Disorders . . . . . 257     Peptic Ulcer Disease . . . . . . . . 258         Types of Ulcers. . . . . . . . 259         Diagnosis of Ulcers . . . . . . . 259         Treatment of Ulcers. . . . . . . 260     Inflammatory Bowel Disorders . . . . . . . 263         Crohn’s Disease . . . . . . . . 263         Ulcerative Colitis . . . . . . . 263         Management of the Client with Inflammatory Bowel Disease . . . 264     Diverticular Disease. . . . . . . . 265         Management of the Client with Diverticulitis . . . . 265     Hemorrhoids . . . . . . . . 266     Appendicitis . . . . . . . . . 266     Peritonitis . . . . . . . . . 268     Intestinal Obstruction . . . . . . . . 269     Esophageal Disorders . . . . . . . . 270         GERD . . . . . . . . . 270         Hiatal Hernia . . . . . . . . 274     Diseases Associated with the Liver . . . . . . 275         Hepatitis . . . . . . . . 275         Cirrhosis . . . . . . . . 281     Acute Pancreatitis . . . . . . . . 285         Diagnosis of Pancreatitis. . . . . . . 286         Treatment of Pancreatitis . . . . . . . 286     Cholecystitis/Cholelithiasis . . . . . . . 287         Symptoms of Cholecystitis and Cholelithiasis . . . . 288         Diagnosis of Cholecystitis/Cholelithiasis . . . . . 288         Treatment of Cholecystitis . . . . . . 289         Treatment of Cholethiasis. . . . . . . 289     Clostridium Difficile . . . . . . . . 290     Food-Borne Illnesses. . . . . . . . 291     Key Concepts . . . . . . . . 294         Key Terms . . . . . . . . 294         Diagnostic Tests . . . . . . . . 295         Pharmacological Agents Used in the Care of the Client with Disorders of the Gastrointestinal System . . . . . . . 295     Apply Your Knowledge . . . . . . . 297         Exam Questions . . . . . . . . 298         Answers to Exam Questions . . . . . . 300     Suggested Reading and Resources. . . . . . 301 Chapter 10: Care of the Client with Hematological Disorders . . . . . . 303     Anemia. . . . . . . . . 303         Pernicious Anemia . . . . . . . 304         Aplastic Anemia . . . . . . . . 304         Sickle Cell Anemia. . . . . . . 305         Iron Deficiency Anemia . . . . . . . 309     Thalassemia . . . . . . . . . 311     Polycythemia Vera . . . . . . . . 312     Hemophilia . . . . . . . . . 313     Transfusion Therapy . . . . . . . . 315         Transfusion Reactions . . . . . . . 317     Key Concepts . . . . . . . . 319         Key Terms . . . . . . . . 319         Diagnostic Tests for Review . . . . . . 319         Pharmacological Agents Used in Hematological Disorders . . . 320     Apply Your Knowledge . . . . . . . 321         Exam Questions . . . . . . . . 321         Answers to Exam Questions . . . . . . 323     Suggested Reading and Resources. . . . . . 324 Chapter  11:Care of the Client with Disorders of the Neurological System. . . . 325     Neurological Assessment . . . . . . . 326         Cranial Nerve Assessment . . . . . . 326         Glasgow Coma Scale . . . . . . . 327         Intracranial Pressure Monitors. . . . . . 328     Brain Injuries . . . . . . . . 329         Epidural Hematomas. . . . . . . 332         Subdural Hematoma . . . . . . . 332         Intracerebral Hematomas . . . . . . . 332         Treatment of Hematomas . . . . . . . 332         Increased Intracranial Pressure . . . . . . 332     Brain Tumors . . . . . . . . 336         Treatment of Brain Tumors . . . . . . 337     Care of the Client with Intracranial Surgery (Craniotomy) . . . . 338     Cerebrovascular Accident/Stroke . . . . . . 342         Ischemic Stroke . . . . . . . . 342         Hemorrhagic Stroke . . . . . . . 344     Seizures . . . . . . . . . 347         Types of Seizures . . . . . . . 347         Treatment of Seizure Clients . . . . . . 350     Parkinson’s Disease . . . . . . . . 350     Meningitis . . . . . . . . . 352     Autoimmune Neurological Disorders. . . . . . 354         Multiple Sclerosis. . . . . . . 354         Myasthenia Gravis . . . . . . . 355         Guillain-Barré. . . . . . . . 357     Degenerative Neurological Disorders . . . . . . 358     Cranial Nerve Disorders. . . . . . . 359         Trigeminal Neuralgia . . . . . . . 359         Bell’s Palsy. . . . . . . . 359     Spinal Cord Injuries . . . . . . . . 360         Treatment of Spinal Cord Injuries. . . . . . 361         Potential Complications with SCI Clients . . . . . 362     Intervertebral Disk Disease . . . . . . . 363     Key Concepts . . . . . . . . 366         Key Terms . . . . . . . . 366         Diagnostics . . . . . . . . 367         Pharmacological Agents Used in the Care of Clients with Neurological Disorders. . . . . . . . 368     Apply Your Knowledge . . . . . . . 373         Exam Questions . . . . . . . . 373         Answers to Exam Questions . . . . . . 376     Suggested Reading and Resources. . . . . . 377 Chapter 12: Care of the Client with Immunologic Disorders . . . . . . 379     Immunodeficiency Syndrome . . . . . . . 380     Diagnoses . . . . . . . . . 381     HIV Prevention . . . . . . . . 383         Standard Precautions. . . . . . . 383         Airborne Transmission–Based Precautions (Second Tier of CDC Guidelines for Infection Control) . . . . . . . 384         Droplet Transmission–Based Precautions (Second Tier of CDC Guidelines for Infection Control) . . . . . . . 384         Contact Transmission–Based Precautions (Second Tier of CDC Guidelines for Infection Control) . . . . . . . 385         Treatments After Occupational Exposure. . . . . 385     Management of the Client with HIV . . . . . . 385     Key Concepts . . . . . . . . 389         Key Terms . . . . . . . . 389         Diagnostic Tests . . . . . . . . 389         Pharmacological Agents Used in the Care of the Client with Immunologic Disorders. . . . . . . . 390     Apply Your Knowledge . . . . . . . 393         Exam Questions . . . . . . . . 394         Answers to Exam Questions . . . . . . 396     Suggested Reading and Resources. . . . . . 397 Chapter 13: Care of the Client with Neoplastic Disorders . . . . . . 399     American Cancer Society’s Seven Warning Signs of Cancer. . . . 399     The Four Major Categories of Cancer. . . . . . 400     Risk Factors for Specific Cancers . . . . . . 400     Cancer Prevention . . . . . . . . 402     Major Types of Cancer . . . . . . . 403         Colorectal Cancer . . . . . . . 403         Lung Cancer. . . . . . . . 407         Prostate Cancer . . . . . . . . 409         Breast Cancer . . . . . . . . 411         Other Major Cancers. . . . . . . 416     General Interventions for Clients with Cancer . . . . . 421         Radiation . . . . . . . . 421         Chemotherapy . . . . . . . . 423         Total Parenteral Nutrition . . . . . . 424     Neoplastic-Associated Disorders and Emergencies . . . . 426     Bone Marrow and Peripheral Stem Cell Transplantation . . . . 427         Types of Transplants . . . . . . . 428         Nursing Care After Transplantation . . . . . 428     Key Concepts . . . . . . . . 431         Key Terms . . . . . . . . 431         Diagnostic Tests . . . . . . . . 432         Pharmacologic Agents Used in the Care of the Client with Specific Neoplastic Disorders. . . . . . . . 433     Apply Your Knowledge . . . . . . . 440         Exam Questions . . . . . . . . 440         Answers to Exam Questions . . . . . . 443     Suggested Reading and Resources. . . . . . 445 Chapter 14: Care of the Client with Musculoskeletal and Connective Tissue Disorders . . . 447     Fractures . . . . . . . . . 448         Major Fracture Sites . . . . . . . 450         General Treatment for Fractures. . . . . . 450         Common Complications Associated with Fractures . . . . 454     Osteoporosis . . . . . . . . . 457     Osteoarthritis . . . . . . . . 458         Diagnosis of Osteoarthritis. . . . . . 459         Treatment of the Client with Osteoarthritis . . . . . 459     Fibromyalgia. . . . . . . . . 460     Ankylosing Spondylitis . . . . . . . 460     Gout. . . . . . . . . 461     Rheumatoid Arthritis. . . . . . . . 462     Lupus Erythematosus . . . . . . . . 464     Musculoskeletal Surgical Procedures . . . . . . 466         Fractured Hip and Hip Replacement . . . . . 466         Total Knee Replacement. . . . . . . 467         Amputations . . . . . . . . 468     Key Concepts . . . . . . . . 474         Key Terms . . . . . . . . 474         Diagnostics . . . . . . . . 474         Pharmacologic Agents Used in Musculoskeletal and Connective Tissue Disorders. . . . . . . . 475     Apply Your Knowledge . . . . . . . 479         Exam Questions . . . . . . . . 479         Answers to Exam Questions . . . . . . 481     Suggested Reading and Resources. . . . . . 482 Chapter 15: Care of the Childbearing Client and the Neonatal Client . . . . . 483     Prenatal Care . . . . . . . . 483         Signs of Pregnancy. . . . . . . 483         Prenatal Diet and Weight Maintenance . . . . . 484         Measuring Fetal Heart Tones. . . . . . 486         Measuring Fundal Height. . . . . . . 486         Prelabor Testing . . . . . . . . 486     Intrapartal Care . . . . . . . . 488         Stages of Labor. . . . . . . . 489         Important Terms You Should Know . . . . . 489     Complications Associated with Pregnancy. . . . . 490         Cardiac Disease During Pregnancy. . . . . . 490         Diabetes in Pregnancy. . . . . . . 493         Preeclampsia . . . . . . . . 494         Ectopic Pregnancy . . . . . . . 495         Hydatidiform Mole . . . . . . . 495         Incompetent Cervix . . . . . . . 496         Types of Abortions. . . . . . . 496         Placenta Previa . . . . . . . . 497         Abruptio Placenta. . . . . . . 497     Complications Associated with Labor and Delivery . . . . 498         Fetal Malpresentation . . . . . . . 499         Post-term Labor and Birth . . . . . . 499         Precipitate Delivery . . . . . . . 500         Cord Prolapse. . . . . . . . 500         Cesarean Birth . . . . . . . . 500         Assisted Birth . . . . . . . . 501         Fetal Monitoring . . . . . . . 501     Pharmacologic Management of Labor . . . . . . 503     Postpartum Care . . . . . . . . 504     Newborn Care . . . . . . . . 505         Terms Associated with the Normal Newborn . . . . 506         Rh Incompatibility . . . . . . . 507     Women’s Health Issues . . . . . . . 508         Pelvic Inflammatory Disease . . . . . . 508         Menopause . . . . . . . . 508         Maternal Infections . . . . . . . 508         Methods of Contraception . . . . . . 511     Key Concepts . . . . . . . . 514         Key Terms . . . . . . . . 514         Diagnostic Tests . . . . . . . . 515         Pharmacological Agents Used in the Care of the Obstetric Client . . 516     Apply Your Knowledge . . . . . . . 517         Exam Questions . . . . . . . . 518     Answers to Exam Questions . . . . . . 520     Suggested Reading and Resources. . . . . . 521 Chapter 16: Care of the Pediatric Client . . . . . . . . 523     Growth and Development . . . . . . . 523         Infant (28 Days to 1 Year). . . . . . . 523         Toddler (1–3 Years) . . . . . . . 524         Preschooler (3–5 Years) . . . . . . . 525         School Age (6–12 Years) . . . . . . . 527         Adolescence (12–18 Years) . . . . . . 527     Caring for the Child with Respiratory Disorders . . . . . 528         Upper Airway Infections. . . . . . . 529         Lower Airway Infections. . . . . . . 533         Long-Term Respiratory Disorders . . . . . . 535         Cystic Fibrosis (Mucoviscidosis) . . . . . . 536     Caring for the Child with Gastrointestinal Disorders . . . . 537         Disorders of Motility. . . . . . . 538         Structural Defects . . . . . . . 540         Obstructive Disorders . . . . . . . 542         Inflammatory and Parasitic Disorders. . . . . 544         Malabsorptive/Metabolic Syndromes . . . . . 545         Ingestion of Hazardous Substances . . . . . . 547     Caring for the Child with Cardiovascular Disorders . . . . 549         Congenital Heart Defects. . . . . . . 550         Acquired Heart Disease. . . . . . . 557     Caring for the Child with Genitourinary Disorders. . . . 560         Obstructive Uropathy . . . . . . . 561         External Defects (Hypospadias, Epispadias, Exstrophy of the Bladder). . 561         Epispadias/Exstrophy of the Bladder . . . . . 562     Caring for the Child with Neoplastic Disorders. . . . . 563         Leukemia. . . . . . . . 563         Wilms’ Tumor (Nephroblastoma) . . . . . . 563         Retinoblastoma. . . . . . . . 564         Neuroblastoma . . . . . . . . 564         Osteosarcoma and Ewing’s Sarcoma . . . . . 564         Rhabdomyosarcoma. . . . . . . 565         Surviving Childhood Cancer . . . . . . 565     Caring for the Child with Cerebral Disorders . . . . . 566         Intracranial Infections (Encephalitis and Bacterial Meningitis) . . . 566         Reye’s Syndrome . . . . . . . 567     Caring for the Child with Integumentary Disorders . . . . 568         Eczema (Atopic Dermatitis) . . . . . . 568         Scabies . . . . . . . . . 569         Pediculosis Capitis (Head Lice) . . . . . . 569         Lyme Disease . . . . . . . . 570         Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever . . . . . . 570     Caring for the Child with Communicable Disease. . . . . 571     Caring for the Child with Musculoskeletal Disorders . . . . 573         Congenital Clubfoot . . . . . . . 573         Developmental Hip Dysplasia . . . . . . 573         Osteogenesis Imperfecta . . . . . . . 574         Legg-Calvé-Perthes Disease (Coxa Plana) . . . . . 575         Scoliosis . . . . . . . . 576         Juvenile Rheumatoid Arthritis (Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis) . . . 576     Caring for the Child with Neuromuscular Disorders . . . . 577         Cerebral Palsy. . . . . . . . 577         Neural Tube Defects . . . . . . . 578         Spina Bifida. . . . . . . . 578         Muscular Dystrophies . . . . . . . 579     Caring for the Abused and Neglected Child . . . . . 580     Key Concepts . . . . . . . . 583         Key Terms . . . . . . . . 583         Diagnostics . . . . . . . . 584         Pharmacological Agents Used in the Care of Pediatric Clients . . . 584     Apply Your Knowledge . . . . . . . 584         Exam Questions . . . . . . . . 585         Answers to Exam Questions . . . . . . 587     Suggested Reading and Resources. . . . . . 588 Chapter 17: Care of the Client with Psychiatric Disorders . . . . . . 589     Anxiety-related Disorders. . . . . . . 589         Generalized Anxiety Disorder . . . . . . 590         Post-traumatic Stress Disorder . . . . . . 590         Dissociative Identity Disorder . . . . . . 591         Somatoform Disorder . . . . . . . 591         Panic Disorder . . . . . . . . 591         Phobic Disorders . . . . . . . 592         Obsessive-compulsive Disorder . . . . . . 592     Personality Disorders . . . . . . . . 593         Cluster A . . . . . . . . 593         Cluster B . . . . . . . . 594         Cluster C. . . . . . . . 595         Managing Clients with Personality Disorders . . . . 596     Psychotic Disorders. . . . . . . . 597         Schizophrenia . . . . . . . . 597         Bipolar Disorders . . . . . . . 599     Substance Abuse. . . . . . . . 602         Alcoholism . . . . . . . . 602         Chemical Dependence. . . . . . . 604     Psychological Disorders of Childhood and Adolescence . . . . 606         Autistic Disorder . . . . . . . 607         Conduct Disorder . . . . . . . 607         Oppositional Defiant Disorder . . . . . . 608         Attention Deficit Hyperactive Disorder . . . . . 608         Eating Disorders . . . . . . . 608     Key Concepts . . . . . . . . 611         Key Terms . . . . . . . . 611         Diagnostics . . . . . . . . 612         Pharmacological Agents Used in the Care of the Client with Psychiatric Disorders. . . . . . . . 612     Apply Your Knowledge . . . . . . . 617         Exam Questions . . . . . . . . 618         Answers to Exam Questions . . . . . . 620     Suggested Reading and Resources. . . . . . 621 Chapter 18: Emergency Care. . . . . . . . . 623     The ABCDs of Emergency Care. . . . . . 624         Airway . . . . . . . . . 624         Breathing. . . . . . . . 625         Circulation . . . . . . . . 625         Deficits . . . . . . . . 626         Obtaining Client Information . . . . . . 627     Trauma . . . . . . . . . 627         Head Injuries . . . . . . . . 627         Chest Injuries . . . . . . . . 628         Abdominal Injuries. . . . . . . 628         Documenting and Protecting Forensic Evidence . . . . 629     Poisoning . . . . . . . . . 630     Poisonous Stings and Bites . . . . . . . 631     Bioterrorism . . . . . . . . . 632         Chemical and Biological Agents . . . . . . 632         Nuclear Warfare. . . . . . . . 634         Triage Categories for Disaster Victims . . . . . 635     Key Concepts . . . . . . . . 637         Key Terms . . . . . . . . 637         Diagnostics . . . . . . . . 637         Pharmacological Agents Commonly Used in ER Treatment . . . 637     Apply Your Knowledge . . . . . . . 638         Exam Questions . . . . . . . . 638         Answers to Exam Questions . . . . . . 640     Suggested Reading and Resources. . . . . . 641 Chapter 19: Legal Issues in Nursing Practice . . . . . . . 643     Types of Laws. . . . . . . . 644         Statutory Laws/Regulatory Laws. . . . . . 644         Civil Laws . . . . . . . . 644         Criminal Laws . . . . . . . . 644         Common Law. . . . . . . . 644     Code of Ethical Behavior in Nursing Practice . . . . . 645     Legal Theories That Affect Nursing Practice . . . . . 646         Negligence . . . . . . . . 647         Malpractice . . . . . . . . 647         Witnessing Consent for Care. . . . . . 647         Tort . . . . . . . . . 647         Assault and Battery . . . . . . . 648         Fraud . . . . . . . . . 648     Managing Client Care. . . . . . . . 648     Key Terms. . . . . . . . . 652     Apply Your Knowledge . . . . . . . 652         Exam Questions . . . . . . . . 653         Answers to Exam Questions . . . . . . 655     Suggested Reading and Resources. . . . . . 656 Chapter 20: Cultural Practices Influencing Nursing Care . . . . . . 657     Cultural Assessment. . . . . . . . 657         Understanding Client Beliefs . . . . . . 657         Working with Clients Who Speak Different Languages . . . 658     Healthcare of Hispanics/Latinos . . . . . . 659         Time Considerations . . . . . . . 660         Use of Nonverbal/Verbal Communication. . . . . 660         Childbirth and Pain Response . . . . . . 661     Healthcare of Native Americans and Alaskan Natives . . . . 661         Time Considerations . . . . . . . 661         Use of Nonverbal/Verbal Communication. . . . . 662         Childbirth and Pain Response . . . . . . 662     Healthcare of Asian-Americans . . . . . . . 662         Time Considerations . . . . . . . 663         Use of Nonverbal/Verbal Communication. . . . . 663         Childbirth and Pain Response . . . . . . 664     Healthcare of Arab-Americans. . . . . . . 664         Time Considerations . . . . . . . 665         Use of Nonverbal/Verbal Communication. . . . . 665         Childbirth and Pain Response . . . . . . 665     Nursing Plan Dietary Considerations Across Cultures . . . . 665     Religious Beliefs and Refusal of Care Considerations . . . . 667     Key Terms. . . . . . . . . 669     Apply Your Knowledge . . . . . . . 669         Exam Questions . . . . . . . . 669         Answers to Exam Questions . . . . . . 671     Suggested Reading and Resources. . . . . . 672 Part II: Final Review Fast Facts The NCLEX RN Exam Prep . . . . . . . . 673 Practice Exam I . . . . . . . . . 681     Fluid and Electrolytes and Acid/Base Balance. . . . . 682     Care of the Client with Cardiovascular Disorders . . . . . 686     Care of the Client with Endocrine Disorders . . . . . 693     Care of the Client with Immunological Disorders . . . . . 700     Care of the Childbearing Client and the Neonatal Client . . . . 705 Practice Exam II. . . . . . . . . 717     Care of the Client with Respiratory Disorders . . . . . 718     Care of the Client with Genitourinary Disorders. . . . . 723     Care of the Client with Integumentary Disorders . . . . . 728     Care of the Client with Sensory Disorders . . . . . 731     Care of the Pediatric Client . . . . . . . 736     Care of the Client with Psychiatric Disorders. . . . . 744     Emergency Care. . . . . . . . 749 Practice Exam III . . . . . . . . . 753     Care of the Client with Musculoskeletal and Connective Tissue Disorders . . 754     Care of the Client with Gastrointestinal Disorders . . . . 760     Care of the Client with Neoplastic Disorders . . . . . 767     Care of the Client with Neurological Disorders. . . . . 777     Care of the Client with Hematological Disorders . . . . . 786 Practice Exam IV Management and Alternative Item Exam Questions. . . . . 791     Management Questions . . . . . . . 792     Alternative Items . . . . . . . . 808 Answers to Practice Exam I . . . . . . . . 819     Answers at a Glance to Practice Exam I . . . . . . 819     Answers with Explanations . . . . . . . 821     Fluid and Electrolytes and Acid/Base Balance . . . . 821     Care of the Client with Cardiovascular Disorders . . . . 823     Care of the Client with Endocrine Disorders . . . . 828     Care of the Client with Immunologic Disorders. . . . 832     Care of the Childbearing Client and the Neonatal Client. . . 835 Answers to Practice Exam II . . . . . . . . 843     Answers at a Glance to Practice Exam II . . . . . . 843     Answers with Explanations . . . . . . . 845     Care of the Client with Respiratory Disorders . . . . 845     Care of the Client with Genitourinary Disorders . . . . 848     Care of the Client with Integumentary Disorders . . . . 851     Care of the Client with Sensory Disorders . . . . . 853     Care of the Pediatric Client . . . . . . 855     Care of the Client with Psychiatric Disorders. . . . 859     Emergency Care. . . . . . . . 862 Answers to Practice Exam III . . . . . . . . 865     Answers at a Glance to Practice Exam III . . . . . 865     Answers with Explanations . . . . . . . 867     Care of the Client with Musculoskeletal and Connective Tissue Disorders . 867     Care of the Client with Gastrointestinal Disorders . . . . 870     Care of the Client with Neoplastic Disorders . . . . 873     Care of the Client with Neurological Disorders . . . . 878     Care of the Client with Hematological Disorders . . . . 883 Answers to Practice Exam IV: Management and Alternative Item Exam Questions. . . . . 885     Answers to Management Questions . . . . . . 885     Alternative Item Answers . . . . . . . 894 Part III: Appendixes Appendix A: Things You Forgot . . . . . . . . . 899 Appendix B: Need to Know More?. . . . . . . . 905 Appendix C: Calculations . . . . . . . . . 911 Appendix D: Most Commonly-Prescribed Medications in the United States . . . . 915 TOC, 9780789751065, 11/21/2013  

About the Author :
Wilda Rinehart received an associate’s degree in nursing from Northeast Mississippi Community College in Booneville, Mississippi. After working as a staff nurse and charge nurse, she became a public health nurse and served in that capacity for a number of years. In 1975, she received her nurse practitioner certification in the area of obstetrics-gynecology from the University of Mississippi Medical Center in Jackson, Mississippi. In 1979, she completed her bachelor of science degree in nursing from Mississippi University for Women. In 1980, she completed her master of science degree in nursing from the same university and accepted a faculty position at Northeast Mississippi Community College, where she taught medical-surgical nursing and maternal-newborn nursing. In 1982, she founded Rinehart and Associates Nursing Consultants. For the past 28 years, she and her associates have worked with nursing graduates and schools of nursing to help graduates pass the National Council Licensure Exam for Nursing. She has also worked as a curriculum consultant with faculty to improve test construction. Ms. Rinehart has served as a convention speaker throughout the southeastern United States and as a reviewer of medical-surgical and obstetric texts. She has coauthored materials used in seminars presented by Rinehart and Associates Nursing Review. As the president of Rinehart and Associates, she serves as the coordinator of a company dedicated to improving the quality of health through nursing education.   Dr. Diann Sloan received an associate’s degree in nursing from Northeast Mississippi Community College, a bachelor of science degree in nursing from the University of Mississippi, and a master of science degree in nursing from Mississippi University for Women. In addition to her nursing degrees, she holds a master of science in counseling psychology from Georgia State University and a doctor of philosophy in counselor education, with minors in both psychology and educational psychology, from Mississippi State University. She has completed additional graduate studies in healthcare administration at Western New England College and the University of Mississippi. Dr. Sloan has taught pediatric nursing, psychiatric mental health nursing, and medical surgical nursing in both associate degree and baccalaureate nursing programs. As a member of Rinehart and Associates Nursing Review, Dr. Sloan has conducted test construction workshops for faculty and nursing review seminars for both registered and practical nurse graduates. She has coauthored materials used in the item-writing workshops for nursing faculty and Rinehart and Associates Nursing Review. She is a member of Sigma Theta Tau nursing honor society.   Clara Hurd received an associate’s degree in nursing from Northeast Mississippi Community College in Booneville, Mississippi (1975). Her experiences in nursing are clinically based, having served as a staff nurse in medical-surgical nursing. She has worked as an oncology, intensive care, orthopedic, neurological, and pediatric nurse. She received her bachelor of science degree in nursing from the University of North Alabama in Florence, Alabama, and her master of science degree in nursing from the Mississippi University for Women in Columbus, Mississippi. Ms. Hurd is a certified nurse educator. She currently serves as a nurse educator consultant and an independent contractor and has taught in both associate degree and baccalaureate degree nursing programs. She was a faculty member of Mississippi University for Women; Austin Peay State University in Clarksville, Tennessee; Tennessee State University in Nashville; and Northeast Mississippi Community College. Ms. Hurd joined Rinehart and Associates in 1993. She has worked with students in preparing for the National Council Licensure Exam and with faculty as a consultant in writing test items. Ms. Hurd has also been a presenter at nursing conventions on various topics, including itemwriting for nursing faculty. Her primary professional goal is to prepare the student and graduate for excellence in the delivery of healthcare.


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Product Details
  • ISBN-13: 9780133391787
  • Publisher: Pearson Education (US)
  • Publisher Imprint: Pearson Education (US)
  • Language: English
  • ISBN-10: 0133391787
  • Publisher Date: 11 Dec 2013
  • Binding: Digital (delivered electronically)
  • Series Title: Exam Prep


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