For undergraduate introductory or survey courses in electrical engineering
A clear introduction to electrical engineering fundamentals
Electrical Engineering: Principles and Applications, 6e helps students learn electrical-engineering fundamentals with minimal frustration. Its goals are to present basic concepts in a general setting, to show students how the principles of electrical engineering apply to specific problems in their own fields, and to enhance the overall learning process. Circuit analysis, digital systems, electronics, and electromechanics are covered. A wide variety of pedagogical features stimulate student interest and engender awareness of the material’s relevance to their chosen profession.
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Table of Contents:
Practical Applications of Electrical Engineering Principles vi
Preface xi
1 Introduction 1
1.1 Overview of Electrical Engineering 2
1.2 Circuits, Currents, and Voltages 6
1.3 Power and Energy 13
1.4 Kirchhoff’s Current Law 16
1.5 Kirchhoff’s Voltage Law 19
1.6 Introduction to Circuit Elements 22
1.7 Introduction to Circuits 30
Summary 34
Problems 35
2 Resistive Circuits 46
2.1 Resistances in Series and Parallel 47
2.2 Network Analysis by Using Series and Parallel Equivalents 51
2.3 Voltage-Divider and Current-Divider Circuits 55
2.4 Node-Voltage Analysis 60
2.5 Mesh-Current Analysis 79
2.6 Thévenin and Norton Equivalent Circuits 88
2.7 Superposition Principle 101
2.8 Wheatstone Bridge 104
Summary 107
Problems 109
3 Inductance and Capacitance 124
3.1 Capacitance 125
3.2 Capacitances in Series and Parallel 132
3.3 Physical Characteristics of Capacitors 134
3.4 Inductance 138
3.5 Inductances in Series and Parallel 143
3.6 Practical Inductors 144
3.7 Mutual Inductance 147
3.8 Symbolic Integration and Differentiation Using MATLAB 148
Summary 152
Problems 153
4 Transients 162
4.1 First-Order RC Circuits 163
4.2 DC Steady State 167
4.3 RL Circuits 169
4.4 RC and RL Circuits with General Sources 173
4.5 Second-Order Circuits 179
4.6 Transient Analysis Using the MATLAB Symbolic Toolbox 192
Summary 197
Problems 198
5 Steady-State Sinusoidal Analysis 209
5.1 Sinusoidal Currents and Voltages 210
5.2 Phasors 216
5.3 Complex Impedances 222
5.4 Circuit Analysis with Phasors and Complex Impedances 225
5.5 Power inAC Circuits 231
5.6 Thévenin and Norton Equivalent Circuits 244
5.7 Balanced Three-Phase Circuits 249
5.8 AC Analysis Using MATLAB 261
Summary 265
Problems 266
6 Frequency Response, Bode Plots, and Resonance 278
6.1 Fourier Analysis, Filters, and Transfer Functions 279
6.2 First-Order Lowpass Filters 287
6.3 Decibels, the Cascade Connection, and Logarithmic Frequency Scales 292
6.4 Bode Plots 296
6.5 First-Order Highpass Filters 299
6.6 Series Resonance 303
6.7 Parallel Resonance 308
6.8 Ideal and Second-Order Filters 311
6.9 Transfer Functions and Bode Plots with MATLAB 317
6.10 Digital Signal Processing 322
Summary 331
Problems 333
7 Logic Circuits 347
7.1 Basic Logic Circuit Concepts 348
7.2 Representation of Numerical Data in Binary Form 351
7.3 Combinatorial Logic Circuits 359
7.4 Synthesis of Logic Circuits 366
7.5 Minimization of Logic Circuits 373
7.6 Sequential Logic Circuits 377
Summary 388
Problems 389
8 Computers and Microcontrollers 400
8.1 Computer Organization 401
8.2 Memory Types 404
8.3 Digital Process Control 406
8.4 ProgrammingModelfor the HCS12/9S12 Family 409
8.5 The Instruction Set and Addressing Modes for the CPU12 413
8.6 Assembly-Language Programming 422
Summary 427
Problems 428
9 Computer-Based Instrumentation Systems 433
9.1 Measurement Concepts and Sensors 434
9.2 Signal Conditioning 439
9.3 Analog-to-Digital Conversion 446
9.4 LabVIEW 449
Summary 462
Problems 463
10 Diodes 467
10.1 Basic Diode Concepts 468
10.2 Load-Line Analysis of Diode Circuits 471
10.3 Zener-Diode Voltage-Regulator Circuits 474
10.4 Ideal-Diode Model 478
10.5 Piecewise-Linear Diode Models 480
10.6 Rectifier Circuits 483
10.7 Wave-Shaping Circuits 488
10.8 Linear Small-Signal Equivalent Circuits 493
Summary 499
Problems 499
11 Amplifiers: Specifications and External Characteristics 511
11.1 Basic Amplifier Concepts 512
11.2 Cascaded Amplifiers 517
11.3 Power Supplies and Efficiency 520
11.4 Additional Amplifier Models 523
11.5 Importance of Amplifier Impedances in Various Applications 526
11.6 Ideal Amplifiers 529
11.7 Frequency Response 530
11.8 LinearWaveform Distortion 535
11.9 Pulse Response 539
11.10 Transfer Characteristic and Nonlinear Distortion 542
11.11 Differential Amplifiers 544
11.12 Offset Voltage, Bias Current, and Offset Current 548
Summary 553
Problems 554
12 Field-Effect Transistors 566
12.1 NMOS and PMOS Transistors 567
12.2 Load-Line Analysis of a Simple NMOS Amplifier 574
12.3 Bias Circuits 577
12.4 Small-Signal Equivalent Circuits 580
12.5 Common-Source Amplifiers 585
12.6 Source Followers 588
12.7 CMOS Logic Gates 593
Summary 598
Problems 599
13 Bipolar Junction Transistors 607
13.1 Current and Voltage Relationships 608
13.2 Common-Emitter Characteristics 611
13.3 Load-Line Analysis of a Common-Emitter Amplifier 612
13.4 pnp Bipolar Junction Transistors 618
13.5 Large-Signal DC Circuit Models 620
13.6 Large-Signal DC Analysis of BJT Circuits 623
13.7 Small-Signal Equivalent Circuits 630
13.8 Common-Emitter Amplifiers 633
13.9 Emitter Followers 638
Summary 644
Problems 645
14 Operational Amplifiers 655
14.1 Ideal Operational Amplifiers 656
14.2 Inverting Amplifiers 657
14.3 Noninverting Amplifiers 664
14.4 Design of Simple Amplifiers 667
14.5 Op-Amp Imperfections in the Linear Range of Operation 672
14.6 Nonlinear Limitations 676
14.7 DC Imperfections 681
14.8 Differential and Instrumentation Amplifiers 685
14.9 Integrators and Differentiators 687
14.10 Active Filters 690
Summary 694
Problems 695
15 Magnetic Circuits and Transformers 708
15.1 Magnetic Fields 709
15.2 Magnetic Circuits 718
15.3 Inductance and Mutual Inductance 723
15.4 Magnetic Materials 727
15.5 Ideal Transformers 731
15.6 Real Transformers 738
Summary 743
Problems 743
16 DC Machines 754
16.1 Overview of Motors 755
16.2 Principles of DC Machines 764
16.3 Rotating DC Machines 769
16.4 Shunt-Connected and Separately Excited DC Motors 775
16.5 Series-Connected DC Motors 780
16.6 Speed Control of DC Motors 784
16.7 DC Generators 788
Summary 793
Problems 794
17 AC Machines 803
17.1 Three-Phase Induction Motors 804
17.2 Equivalent-Circuit and Performance Calculations for Induction Motors 812
17.3 Synchronous Machines 821
17.4 Single-Phase Motors 833
17.5 Stepper Motors and Brushless
DC Motors 836
Summary 838
Problems 839
APPENDICES
A
Complex Numbers 845
Summary 852
Problems 852
B
Nominal Values and the Color Code for Resistors 854
C
The Fundamentals of Engineering Examination 856
D
Answers for the Practice Tests 860
E
On-Line Student Resources 868
About the Author :
Allan R. Hambley received his B.S. degree from Michigan Technological University, his M.S. degree from Illinois Institute of Technology, and his Ph.D. from Worcester Polytechnic Institute. He has worked in industry for Hazeltine Research Inc., Warwick Electronics, and Harris Government Systems. He is currently Professor of Electrical Engineering at Michigan Tech. The Michigan Tech chapter of Eta Kappa Nu named him the Outstanding Electrical Engineering Teacher of the Year in 1995. He has won the National Technological University Outstanding Instructor Award six times for his courses in communication systems. The American Society for Engineering Education presented him with the 1998 Meriam Wiley Distinguished Author Award for the first edition of his book, Electronics. His hobbies include fishing, boating in remote areas of Lake Superior, and gardening.
