A core text/reference for Internships, Practicums, and Field Placements in Psychology, Social Work, Counseling, and related helping disciplines.
Acknowledging, anticipating, and addressing the everyday questions and concerns of interns, this text is designed to bridge the gap between academic coursework and the knowledge, skills, and emotional challenges that are found beyond the classroom.
Throughout his years of teaching and professional experience, Brian N. Baird has found that both professionals and students in the helping professions consider internships, practicums, and field placements among the most influential experiences of their careers. With this in mind, however, too often students also report that their normal coursework typically provides only indirect, and in many cases insufficient, preparation for their first “real world” exposure. To help remedy this problem and further expose students to process of internship, this text is designed to acknowledge, anticipate, and address the everyday questions and concerns of interns, bridging the gap between academic coursework and the knowledge, skills, and emotional challenges that are found beyond the classroom.
Table of Contents:
<>Preface ix
Chapter 1: Preparation 1
Theory into Practice, 1
Terminology, 1
Meeting with Your Instructor, 2
Finding and Selecting a Placement, 2
Peers and Campus Resources for Locating Internships, 3
Community Resources, 3
Choosing a Placement, 4
The Rights of Applicants and Character Requirements for Interns, 10
Internship Agreements, 10
Evaluation, 12
Using This Book, 13
References, 14
Chapter 2: Getting Started 16
First Impressions, 16
Enthusiasm Meets Experience, 17
The Role of the Intern, 18
The Role of the Professional, 18
Meeting Clients, 22
Age and Experience Issues with Clients and Supervisors, 23
Time Limits, 24
Fees for Service, 25
Altruism versus Money, 25
Is Treatment Effective? 26
Clinical and Ethical Issues Pertaining to Fees, 26
Inoculation: What Not to Learn, 29
Internship Classes And Peer Groups, 30
Forming Internship Peer Groups, 30
Models of Peer Group Learning, 31
Elements of Successful Classes and Groups, 32
Video or Audio Recordings of Sessions, 34
Role Plays, 35
Introduction to Journal Work, 36
References, 38
Chapter 3: Ethical And Legal Issues 41
Ethical Guidelines of the Helping Professions, 41
Competence, 45
Informed Consent, 46
Confidentiality, 48
Exceptions to Confidentiality, 52
Insurance Company Inquiries, Managed Care, and Ethical Practice, 56
Confidentiality with Minors, 58
Dual Relationships and Boundary Issues, 59
Ethics in Classes and Groups, 65
Liability and Insurance, 66
Technology and Ethics, 68
Research Ethics, 70
Summary, 71
References, 71
Chapter 4: Supervision 79
What is Supervision? 79
Hopes and Fears of Interns, 79
Hopes and Fears of Supervisors, 80
Clarifying Expectations, 81
Frequency and Timing of Supervision, 81
Content of Supervision, 82
Didactic Supervision, 83
Case Notes and Discussions, 83
Tapes and Role-Plays, 85
Live Supervision, 85
Observing the Supervisor in Therapy, 86
Remote Supervision–Internet, Telephone, and Other Technologies, 87
Theoretical Orientation, 88
Supervision and Therapy: Differences and Similarities, 89
Transference and Countertransference, 93
Suggested Guidelines for Therapy and Supervision, 94
Conflict in Supervision, 94
Evaluation, 96
Planning for Future Supervision, 98
References, 99
Chapter 5: Working With Diversity 102
Reasons for Diversity Training, 102
Resistance to Diversity Training, 103
Steps Toward Working with Differences, 105
Self-Awareness: Knowing the Diversity within Us, 105
Confronting Our Biases and Acknowledging Our Ignorance, 107
The Historical Context Must Be Acknowledged, 108
The Current Context Must Be Acknowledged, 109
Strengths Must Be Recognized along with Problems, 110
Ethnic-Identity Development, 110
Developing Culturally Sensitive and Relevant Skills, 112
The Culturally Sensitive Counselor, 112
Culturally Sensitive Intervention Approaches, 114
Cultural and Organizational Change, 115
Summary, 116
References, 116
Chapter 6: Clinical Writing, Treatment Records, And Case Notes 119
Writing Skills, 119
Writing Can Be Learned, 119
Focusing Reading to Learn Writing, 120
Practice and Feedback, 120
Rewriting, 121
Common Writing Problems, 122
Keys to Good Writing, 122
The Function and Maintenance of Records, 127
What Goes into Records, 127
What Stays Out of Records, 129
Progress Notes and Psychotherapy Notes, 130
Standard Formats, 130
Progress Notes, 131
Standard Formats, 132
SOAP Notes, 134
Time-Sequenced Notes, 134
Process or Progress Notes, 135
Signing Notes, 135
Dictation, 135
Progress Notes and Supervision, 136
Using Your Notes, 136
Other Guidelines, 137
References, 137
Chapter 7: Stress And Self-Care 139
Client after Client, Day after Day, 140
How Common Is Stress among Helping Professionals? 140
Sources of Stress, 141
The Effects of Stress, 143
Secondary Trauma, 146
Burnout, 149
Self-Care, 153
Cognitive Self-Care. 155
Physical Self-Care, 158
Emotional Self-Care, 160
Organizational Measures and Peer Support, 161
Multimodal Self-Care, 162
Personal Therapy, 162
Positive Effects on Therapists, 163
Financial Self-Care, 164
References, 164
Chapter 8: Assault And Other Risks 168
The Risks of Assault, 168
Coping with Aggression, 170
Strange Behavior and Strange People Are Not Necessarily Dangerous, 170
Understand Developmental Differences, 170
Understand and Recognize Motivational Factors, 171
Situational Factors and Violence, 172
Recognize Potentially Dangerous Individuals, 173
Early Prevention of Violence, 175
Institutional Responses to Threats of Violence, 175
Prevention of Imminent Violence with Clients, 176
Responding to Assault, 177
Assault-Response Training, 178
Aftereffects, 178
Stalking, 179
Summary, 181
References, 181
Chapter 9: Closing Cases 183
Ethical Considerations and Termination, 183
Understanding Client Reactions to Early Termination, 183
Understanding Intern Reactions to Early Termination, 184
Common Problems in Termination, 185
Toward Successful Termination or Transfer, 185
Issues to Address in Termination, 187
Techniques for Termination, 188
Transferring Clients to Other Therapists, 189
References, 191
Chapter 10: Finishing The Internship 192
Concluding the Supervisory Relationship, 192
Letters of Recommendation, 194
Procedures for Those Seeking Letters of Recommendation, 195
Concluding Relationships with Staff, 195
Letters of Thanks, 196
Looking Ahead, 196
Professional, Community, and Political Involvement, 197
References, 198
Chapter 11: Frustrations, Lessons, Discoveries, And Joy 199
Learning from Whatever Happens, 199
Lessons We Wish Were Not True, 199
Lessons about the Lessons, 201
Discoveries and Joy, 201
Closing Comments, 202
Appendix A: Internship Selection Checklist 205
Appendix B: Placement Information Form 209
Appendix C: Internship Learning Agreement Record Form 211
Appendix D: Intern Evaluation: Supervisor Form 215
Appendix E: Intern Evaluation: Intern Form 219
Appendix F: Emergency Contact And Procedures Information 223
Appendix G: Ethical Guidelines 225
Appendix H: Treatment Agreement And Informed Consent 227
Appendix I: Supervisor Evaluation Form 231
Appendix J: Clinical Activities Record Sheet 235
Appendix K: Placement Evaluation Form 237
Indices 241
Author Index, 241
Subject Index, 247
