Comprehensive, yet easy-to-read, this book includes both automotive electrical as well as engine performance topics all in one book. It presents principles and practices of diagnosis and troubleshooting of automotive electrical, electronic, and computer systems in a clear, concise format and at a level of detail that far exceeds most similar books. This book no longer comes with a CD-ROM. An interactive, multi-media program at www.pearsoned.com/autostudent , brings to life the sights and sounds of the “whys” and “hows” of all phases of diagnosis and troubleshooting. Focused on automotive electrical as well as engine performance topics, this book presents principles and practices of diagnosis and troubleshooting of automotive electrical, electronic, and computer systems, as well as service information and environmental concerns. Includes updated coverage on OBD 11, evaporative emissions and fuel injection plus scope testing of components, Gel and AGM batteries, as well as the latest coil-on-plug, waste spark, compression sensing and ion sensing ignition systems.
Table of Contents:
1. Service Information, Tools, and Safety.
Objectives
Vehicle Identification
Vehicle Safety Certification Label
VECI Label
Calibration Codes
Casting Numbers
Service Information
Threaded Fasteners
Metric Bolts
Grades of Bolts
Tensile Strength
Nuts
Washers
Electrical Tools
Basic Hand Tool List
Tool Sets and Accessories
Brand Name versus Proper Term
Safety Tips for Using Hand Tools
Air and Electrically Operated Tools
Personal Protection Equipment
Safety in Lifting (Hoisting) a Vehicle
Jacks and Safety Stands
Drive-On Ramps
Electrical Cord Safety
Jump Starting and Battery Safety
Fire Extinguishers
Fire Blankets
First Aid and Eye Wash Stations
Summary
Review Questions
ASE Certification-Type Questions
2. Environmental and Hazardous Materials.
Objectives
Occupational Safety and Health Act
Hazardous Waste
Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA)
Clean Air Act
Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS)
The Dangers of Exposure to Asbestos
Asbestos OSHA Standards
Asbestos EPA Regulations
Asbestos Handling Guidelines
Used Brake Fluid
Used Oil
Disposal of Used Oil
Used Oil Storage
Solvents
Solvent Hazardous and Regulatory Status
Used Solvents
Coolant Disposal
Lead-Acid Battery Waste
Battery Hazardous and Regulatory Status
Battery Handling and Storage
Fuel Safety and Storage
Airbag Handling
Used Tire Disposal
Air-Conditioning Refrigerant Oil Disposal
Summary
Review Questions
ASE Certification-Type Questions
3. Electrical Fundamentals.
Objectives
Electricity
Sources of Electricity
Summary
Review Questions
ASE Certification-Type Questions
4. Electrical Circuits and Ohm's Law.
Objectives
Circuits
Ohm's Law
Watt's Law
Summary
Review Questions
ASE Certification-Type Questions
5. Series, Parallel, and Series-Parallel Circuits.
Objectives
Series Circuits
Ohm's Law and Series Circuits
Kirchhoff's Voltage Law
Series Circuit Laws
Series Circuit Examples
Parallel Circuits
Kirchhoff's Current Law
Parallel Circuit Laws
Determining Total Resistance in a Parallel Circuit
Parallel Circuit Examples
Series-Parallel Circuits
Solving Series-Parallel Circuit Problems
Series-Parallel Circuit Examples
Summary
Review Questions
ASE Certification-Type Questions
6. Digital Meters and Scope Usage.
Objectives
Test Lights
Self-Powered Test Lights
LED Test Light
Logic Probe
Digital Multimeters
Measuring Amperes
AC/DC Clamp-On Digital Multimeter
Measuring Voltage
Measuring Resistance
Electrical Unit Prefixes
How to Read Digital Meters
RIMS Versus Average
Resolution, Digits, and Counts
Accuracy
Analog versus Digital Storage Oscilloscope
Oscilloscope Display Grid
Setting the Time Base
Setting the Volts per Division
DC Coupling
AC Coupling
Pulse Trains
Using Scope Leads
Measuring Battery Voltage with a Scope
Graphing Multimeter
Summary
Review Questions
ASE Certification-Type Questions
7. Automotive Wiring and Wire Repair.
Objectives
Automotive Wiring
Braided Ground Straps
Battery Cables
Jumper Cables
Fuses and Circuit Protection Devices
Terminals and Connectors
Wire Repair
Summary
Review Questions
ASE Certification-Type Questions
8. Schematics and Troubleshooting.
Objectives
Wiring Schematics
Switches
Relay Terminal Identification
Using Schematics for Troubleshooting
Locating a Short Circuit
Electrical Troubleshooting Guide
Step-by-Step Troubleshooting Procedure
Summary
Review Questions
ASE Certification-Type Questions
9. Capacitance and Magnetism.
Objectives
Capacitance
Capacitor Construction and Operation
Factors of Capacitance
Capacitor Uses
Fundamentals of Magnetism
Electromagnetism
Electromagnetic Induction
Electromagnetic Interference (EMI) Suppression
Summary
Review Questions
ASE Certification-Type Questions
10. Electronic Fundamentals.
Objectives
Semiconductors
N-Type Material
P-Type Material
How Holes Move
Summary of Semiconductors
Diodes
Zener Diodes
Clamping Diodes
Zener Diode Despiking Protection
Despiking Resistors
Diode Ratings
Light-Emitting Diodes
Photodiodes
Photoresistors
Varistors
Silicon-Controlled Rectifiers
Thermistors
Rectifier Bridges
Passive and Active Circuits
Transistors
How a Transistor Works
How a Transistor Amplifies
Field-Effect Transistor
Darlington Pairs
Transistor Gain
Solid-State, Integrated-Circuit, and Dual-Inline Package Components
Heat Sink
Phototransistors
Solar Cells
How to Test Diodes,,and Transistors
Transistor Gates
Logic Highs and Lows
Transistor-Transistor Logic
Operational Amplifiers
Polarity
Electronic Component Failure Causes
Electrostatic Discharge
Summary
Review Questions
ASE Certification-Type Questions
11. Batteries and BatteryTesting.
Objectives
Purpose of a Battery
Battery Construction
Grids.
How a Battery Works
Specific Gravity
Charge Indicators
Valve Regulated Lead Acid Batteries
Causes and Types of Battery Failure
Battery Hold-Downs
Battery Ratings
Deep Cycling
Hybrid Batteries
Battery Council International Group Sizes
Battery Service Safety Considerations
Battery Maintenance
Battery Voltage Test
Hydrometer Testing
Battery Load Testing
Electronic Capacitance Testing
Battery Charging
Jump-Starting
Battery Date Codes
Battery Electrical Drain Test
Procedure for Battery Electrical Drain Test
Finding the Source of the Drain
What to Do if a Battery Drain Still Exists
Hidden Batteries
Battery Troubleshooting Guide
Summary
Review Questions
ASE Certification-Type Questions
12. Cranking System Operation and Diagnosis.
Objectives
Cranking Circuit.
How the Starter Motor Works
How Magnetic Fields Turn an Armature
Types of Starter Motors
Gear-Reduction Starters
Starter Drives
Symptoms of a Defective Starter Drive
Starter Drive Operation
Positive-Engagement Starters
Solenoid-Operated Starters
Starting System Troubleshooting
Voltage-Drop Testing
Control Circuit Testing
Specifications for a Starter Amperage Test
Starter Overhaul
Testing Starter Armatures
Growler Test for Shorted Armature Windings
Testing the Armature for Grounds
Testing the Armature for Opens
Armature Service
Testing Starter Motor Field Coils
Starter Brush Inspection
Bench Testing
Starter Drive-to-Flywheel Clearance
Ground Wire Current Flow
Starting System Troubleshooting Guide
Summary
Review Questions
ASE Certification-Type Questions
13. Charging System Operation and Diagnosis.
Objectives
Principles of Generator Operation
Alternating-Current Generators (Alternators)
Generator Construction
Rotors
Generator Brushes
Stators
Diodes
How a Generator Works
Wye-Connected Stators
Delta-Connected Stators
Generator Output Factors
Generator Voltage Regulation
Battery Condition and Charging Voltage
Temperature Compensation
A and B Field Circuits
Electronic Voltage Regulators
How an Electronic Voltage Regulator Works
Computer-Controlled Generators
Charging System Testing and Service
AC Voltage Check
Charging System Voltage-Drop Testing
General Motors SI Test Light Test
General Motors CS Series AC Generators
Diagnosing Problems with the General Motors CS Series
Generator Output Test
How to Determine Minimum Required Generator Output
Generator Disassembly
Testing the Rotor
Testing the Stator
Testing the Diode Trio
Testing the Rectifier Bridge (Diodes)
Testing the GM Internal Voltage Regulator
Brush Holder Replacement
Bearing Service and Replacement
Generator Assembly
Remanufactured Generators
Summary
Review Questions
ASE Certification-Type Questions
14. Lighting and Signaling Circuits.
Objectives
Lighting
Bulb Numbers
Brake Lights
Headlight Switches
Sealed-Beam Headlights
Headlight Aiming
Composite Headlights
Halogen Sealed-Beam Headlights
High-Intensity Discharge Headlights
Daytime Running Lights
Dimmer Switches
Stop Lamp and Turn Signals
Flasher Units
Courtesy Lights
Illuminated Entry
Fiber Optics
Feedback
Lighting System Troubleshooting Guide
Summary
Review Questions
ASE Certification-Type Questions
15. Dash Instruments Operation and Diagnosis.
Objectives
Analog Dash Instruments
Computer-Controlled Instrument Panels
Stepper Motor Gauges
Dash Instrument Diagnosis
Telltale Lamps
Oil Pressure Warning Devices
Temperature Lamp Diagnosis
Brake Warning Lamp
Digital Electronic Dash Operation
Electronic Speedometers
Electronic Odometers
Electronic Speedometer and Odometer Service
Electronic Fuel-Level Gauges
Electronic Dash Instrument Diagnosis and Troubleshooting
Maintenance Reminder Lamps
Summary
Review Questions
ASE Certification-Type Questions
16. Accessory Circuits.
Objectives
Horns
Windshield Wiper and Washer System
Windshield Wiper Motors
Blower Motor Operation
Blower Motor Diagnosis
Cruise Control
Heated Rear-Window Defoggers
Power Windows
Power Seats
Electric Power Door Locks
Keyless Entry
Anti-Theft Systems
Electrical Accessory Troubleshooting Guide
Summary
Review Questions
ASE Certification-Type Questions
17. Airbag and Pretensioner Circuits.
Objectives
Airbags
Airbag Diagnosis Tools and Equipment
Airbag Testing and Service
Driver-Side Airbag Module Replacement
Safety When Manually Deploying Airbags
Pretensioners
Occupant Detection Systems
Side and Curtain Airbags
Summary
Review Questions
ASE Certification-Type Questions
18. Audio System Operation and Diagnosis.
Objectives
Radios
Antennas
Speaker Types
Crossovers
Powerline Capacitors
Radio Interference
Audio Noise Control Diagnostic Chart
Summary
Review Questions
ASE Certification-Type Questions
19. Ignition System Components and Operation.
Objectives
Ignition System Operation
Ignition Coils
Primary Circuit Operation
Distributor Ignition
Waste-Spark Ignition Systems
Ignition Control Circuits
Compression Sensing Ignition
Coil-on-Plug Ignition
Ion-Sensing Ignition
Ignition Timing
Initial Timing
Knock Sensors
Spark Plugs
Summary
Review Questions
ASE Certification-Type Questions
20. Ignition System Diagnosis and Service.
Objectives
Checking for Spark
Electronic Ignition Troubleshooting Procedure
Ignition Coil Testing Using an Ohmmeter
Pickup Coil Testing
Testing Magnetic Sensors
Testing Hall-Effect Sensors
Testing Optical Sensors
Ignition System Diagnosis Using Visual Inspection
Testing for Poor Performance
Testing for a No-Start Condition
Ignition System Service
Firing Order
Distributor Cap and Rotor Inspection
Spark Plug Wire Inspection
Spark Plug Service
Quick and Easy Secondary Ignition Tests
Ignition Timing
Scope-Testing the Ignition System
Scope-Testing a Waste-Spark Ignition System
Ignition System Troubleshooting Guide
Summary
Review Questions
ASE Certification-Type Questions
21. Computer Fundamentals.
Objectives
Computer Control
The Four Basic Computer Functions
Digital Computers
Computer Input Sensors
Computer Outputs
Fuel Control System Operating Modes
Module Communication
SAE Communication Classifications
Module Communication Diagnosis
OBD II Data Link Connector
Summary
Review Questions
ASE Certification-Type Questions
22. Computer Sensors.
Objectives
Engine Coolant Temperature Sensors
Stepped ECT Circuits
Testing the Engine Coolant Temperature Sensor
Intake Air Temperature Sensor
Testing the Intake Air Temperature Sensor
Temperature Sensor Diagnostic Trouble Codes
Throttle Position Sensors
TP Sensor Computer Input Functions
PCM Uses for the TP Sensor
Testing the Throttle Position Sensor
Testing a TP Sensor Using the Min/Max Function
Testing the TP Sensor Using a Scan Tool
TP Sensor Diagnostic Trouble Codes
Manifold Absolute Pressure (MAP) Sensors
PCM Uses of the MAP Sensor
Barometric Pressure Sensor
Testing the MAP Sensor Using a DMM
Testing the MAP Sensor Using a Scan Tool
MAP/BARO Diagnostic Trouble Codes
Airflow Sensors
Mass Airflow Sensor
Karman Vortex Sensors
PCM Uses for Airflow Sensors
Testing Mass Airflow Sensors
Oxygen Sensors
Zirconia Oxygen Sensors
Titania Oxygen Sensor
Wide-Band Oxygen Sensors
Closed Loop and Open Loop
PCM Uses of the Oxygen Sensor
Testing an Oxygen Sensor Using a Digital Voltmeter
Testing the Oxygen Sensor Using the Min-Max Method
Testing an Oxygen Sensor Using a Scan Tool
Testing an Oxygen Sensor Using a Scope
False O2S Readings
Post Catalytic Converter Oxygen Sensor Testing
Oxygen Sensor Inspection
Oxygen Sensor-Related Diagnostic Trouble Codes Summary
Review Questions
ASE Certification-Type Questions
23. Fuel Delivery and Evaporative Control Systems.
Objectives
Fuel Delivery System
Fuel Tanks
Fuel Lines
Electric Fuel Pumps
Fuel Filters
Fuel Pump Testing
Fuel Pump Current Draw Test
Fuel Pump Replacement
Need for Evaporative Emission Control
Vapor Canister Storage
Vapor Purging
Evaporative Control Systems
Onboard Refueling Vapor Recovery System
Diagnosing the EVAP System
Locating Leaks in the System
Evaporative System Monitor
EVAP-Related Diagnostic Trouble Codes (DTC)
Summary
Review Questions
ASE Certification-Type Questions
24. Electronic Fuel Injection Operation, Diagnosis, and Service.
Objectives
Electronic Fuel-Injection Operation
Throttle-Body Injection
Port Fuel Injection
Injector Resistance Tables
Idle Air Speed Control
Summary
Review Questions
ASE Certification-Type Questions
25. Emission Control Devices Operation and Diagnosis.
Objectives
Exhaust Gas Recirculation Systems
Controlling NOx
EGR System Operation
Positive and Negative Backpressure EGR Valves
Computer-Controlled EGR Systems
OBD II EGR Monitoring Strategies
Diagnosing a Defective EGR System
OBD II EGR System Monitor
EGR-Related OBD-11 Diagnostic Trouble Codes
Crankcase Ventilation
PCV Valves
Orifice-Controlled Systems
Positive Crankcase Ventilation (PCV) System
PCV Monitor
PCV-Related Diagnostic Trouble Code
Air Pump System
Air Distribution Manifolds and Nozzles
Air Pump System Diagnosis
AIR-Related Diagnostic Trouble Code
Catalytic Converters
Ceramic Monolith Catalytic Converter
OBD II Catalytic Converter Performance
Converter Damaging Conditions
Diagnosing Catalytic Converters
OBD II Catalytic Converter Monitor
Catalytic Converter Replacement Guidelines
Catalytic Converter-Related Diagnostic Trouble Code
Summary
Review Questions
ASE Certification-Type Questions
26. Engine Performance Diagnosis.
Objectives
The Eight-Step Diagnostic Procedure
Diagnosing Using Diagnostic Trouble Codes
Retrieving DaimlerChrysler Diagnostic Codes
OBD II
Exhaust Analysis and Combustion Efficiency
Oxides of Nitrogen
I/M 240
Summary
Review Questions
ASE Certification-Type Questions
Answers to Even-Numbered ASE Certification-Type Questions.
Appendix 1: Sample ASE Certification Test: Electrical/Electronic Systems (A6).
Appendix 2: Sample ASE Certification Test with Answers: Engine Performance (A8).
Appendix 3: Electrical/Electronics (A6) ASE Correlation Chart.
Appendix 4: Engine Performance (A8) ASE Correlation Chart.
Appendix 5: Electrical/Electronics (A6) NATEF Correlation Chart.
Appendix 6: Engine Performance (A8) NATEF Correlation Chart.
English Glossary.
Spanish Glossary.
Index.
