Molecular and Cellular Aspects of Basement Membranes: Cell Biology

Molecular and Cellular Aspects of Basement Membranes reviews the knowledge about the molecular and cellular aspects of basement membranes. This book focuses on the composition of basement membranes and their organization in extracellular matrices and presents a structural analysis of the various components of the basement membrane. The importance of basement membranes with respect to cell-matrix interactions, differentiation, and pathology is also considered. This text is organized into three sections and is comprised of 20 chapters. It begins with historical perspectives and an overview of the extracellular matrix in general and the basement membrane in particular. The discussion then turns to the organization of basement membrane components into a three-dimensional and functional matrix, along with the unique characteristics of basement membranes in skin, nerve, and kidney. The reader is also introduced to the specificity of particular basement membranes in particular histological sites; the molecular characteristics of basement membrane collagens, laminins, and proteoglycans; and the interaction of specific peptide domains of basement membrane components with cell surface receptors. Finally, the book explains how subtle changes in basement membrane composition or protein structure can cause dramatic pathology. This book will be of value to cell biologists, molecular biologists, biochemists, and pathologists.

Table of Contents:
ContributorsPrefaceI. Organization and Definition of the Basement Membrane 1 Collagen and Basement Membranes: Discovery and Progress I. Historical Background II. Major Components of Basement Membranes References 2 Supramolecular Organization of Basement Membranes I. Introduction II. Morphology and Heterogeneity of Basement Membranes III. Mechanisms of Matrix Assembly IV. Type IV Collagen V. Laminin VI. Glycosaminoglycans and Proteoglycans VII. Other Basement Membrane Components VIII. Basement Membrane Structure Model References 3 Dermal-Epidermal Adhesion in Skin I. Introduction: Ultrastructure of Dermal-Epidermal Junction II. Hemidesmosomes III. Anchoring Filament IV. Anchoring Fibrils and Anchoring Plaques V. Inherited Diseases Involving Failure of Dermal-Epidermal Anchoring Complex VI. Origin of Dermal-Epidermal Junction VII. Summary References 4 Basement Membrane Molecules in Vertebrate Nervous System I. Introduction II. Neuromuscular Junction III. Peripheral Nervous System IV. Central Nervous System References 5 Glomerular Basement Membrane: Biology and Physiology I. Introduction II. Biology and Biochemistry of Glomerular Basement Membrane III. Physiology of Glomerular Basement Membrane References 6 Role of Water of Hydration in Filtration Function of Proteoglycans of Basement Membrane I. Water Content of Basement Membranes II. Use of Nuclear Magnetic Resonance as Measure of Hydration III. Role of Proteoglycans in Filtration Function of Basement Membrane IV. Role of Water in Basement Membrane Function V. Conclusion ReferencesII. Basement Membrane Components, Biochemical Nature, Molecular Structure, and Gene Regulation 7 Genes and Regulation of Basement Membrane Collagen and Laminin Synthesis I. Introduction II. Structure of Type IV Collagen Genes III. Laminin Genes and Transcription References 8 Structure and Function of Laminin I. Introduction II. Occurrence and Sources of Laminins III. Gross Structure of Mouse Engelbreth-Holm-Swarm Laminin and Fragmentation IV. Biochemical and Biophysical Approaches to Elucidation of Laminin Structure V. Detailed Model of Laminin Molecule and Variations VI. Biosynthesis and Assembly of Polypeptide Chains into Functional Molecules VII. Assignment of Functions to Individual Domains VIII. Laminins in Comparison to Other Multidomain Glycoproteins of Extracellular Matrix References 9 Laminin and Collagen IV Variants and Heterogeneity in Basement Membrane Composition I. Evidence for Heterogeneity in Basement Membrane Composition II. Structure of Laminin Variants III. Tissue Distribution and Biological Activity of Laminin Variants IV Structure of Collagen IV Variants V Tissue Distribution of Collagen IV Variants VI. Perspectives References 10 Proteoglycans of Basement Membranes I. Proteoglycan Structure and Nomenclature II. Perlecan: Large Multidomain Proteoglycan of Basement Membranes III. Other Proteoglycans in Basement Membranes IV. Summary References 11 Other Basement Membrane Proteins and Their Calcium-Binding Potential I. Introduction II. Nidogen/Entactin III. BM-40/Osteonectin/SPARC IV. Proteins Shared by Basement Membranes and Blood V. Site-Specific and Other Basement Membrane Proteins VI. PerspectivesIII. Effect of Cellular Interactions with Basement Membranes 12 Integrin Structure and Ligand Specificity in Cell-Matrix Interactions I. Introduction II. Primary Structure of Integrin Subunits III. Ligand-Binding Specificity IV. Integrins and Signal Transduction V. Role of Integrins in Tissue Remodeling VI. Conclusion References 13 Proteoglycans of Plasma Membranes: Multiple Functions in Cell Surface Biology I. Families of Cell Surface Proteoglycans II. Polymorphic CD44 Family III. Melanoma Proteoglycan/ IV. Glypican V. Betaglycan VI. The Syndecan Family VII. Role of Syndecans in Action of Heparin-Binding Growth Factors VIII. Summary References 14 Peptide Sequences in Matrix Proteins Recognized by Adhesion Receptors I. Introduction II. Aspartate-Containing Peptide Motifs III. Other Active Sites IV. Structural Basis of Ligand-Receptor Binding V. Concluding Remarks References 15 Role of Basement Membrane in Differentiation I. Introduction II. Preparation and Components of Matrigel III. Differentiation Induced by Matrigel IV. Role of Laminin in Cell Differentiation V. Summary References 16 Extracellular Matrix-Bound Growth Factors, Enzymes, and Plasma Proteins I. Introduction II. Extracellular Matrix-Bound Growth Factors and Cytokines III. Extracellular Matrix-Bound Plasma Proteins and Enzymes IV. Concluding Remarks References 17 Role of Extracellular Matrix in Cell Migration and Invasion I. Introduction II. Motors, Clutches, and Contacts with the Outside World III. Cell Migration during Embryogenesis IV. Collagenases and Other Enzymes as Matrix Remodelers V. Biological Effects of Remodeling Basement Membranes VI. Concluding Remarks References 18 Basement Membranes in Development I. Extracellular Matrices during Development II. Basement Membrane Components during Preimplantation Development III. Basement Membranes as Regulators of Epithelial Cell Development IV. Basement Membranes during Angiogenesis V. Significance of Basement Membrane Heterogeneity during Development VI. Concluding Remarks References 19 Molecular Aspects of Basement Membrane Pathology I. Introduction II. Diabetes III. Polycystic Kidney Disease IV. Goodpasture's Syndrome V. Conclusions References 20 Alport Syndrome and Other Inherited Basement Membrane Disorders I. Introduction II. Alport Syndrome: Hereditary Nephritis III. Epidermolysis Bullosa IV. Other Inherited Basement Membrane Disorders ReferencesIndex