Eye Movements in Reading: Perceptual and Language Processes

Eye Movements in Reading: Perceptual and Language Processes focuses on eye movement and cognitive processes as a way to study the reading process. This book also discusses the different aspects of reading. Organized into seven parts encompassing 26 chapters, this book begins with a discussion on the perceptual and psychophysical factors essential to eye movement during reading. This book then explains how some psychophysical factors, such as type size and masking, affect the reading performance. Other chapters consider the role of transient and sustained cells, as well as their possible effects on reading. This text also examines the size of the perceptual span in reading and the integration of information across eye movement. Finally, this book explains the eye movement abnormalities, general eye movement parameters, and the cognitive processes within the reading disabled group. This book is a valuable resource to optometrists, scientists, field researchers, and readers who are interested in the reading process.

Table of Contents:
Contributors Preface I Eye Movements and Psychophysical Processes 1 Sensory Masking, Persistence, and Enhancement in Visual Exploration and Reading I. Introduction II. Sustained and Transient Channels: Their Roles in Visual Masking, Persistence, and Saccadic Suppression III. Saccades and Extraretinal Signals IV. Consequences for Visual Search and Reading V. A Brief Look at Application References 2 Retinal Image Size and the Perceptual Span in Reading I. Introduction II. Tinker's Research III. Viewing Distance IV. Conclusion References 3 The Temporal Characteristics of Visual Information Extraction during Reading I. Introduction II. The Extraction of Information during Saccades in Reading III. When during a Fixation is Visual Information Acquired? IV. is Information Extracted after the next Movement Has Been Programmed? V. is Information Extracted Within the Initial Portion of the Fixation? VI. is the Information That is Extracted on the Current Fixation Immediately Influencing Language Processing? VII. Do Display Changes during Fixations Cause Disruptions? VIII. Conclusions References 4 Locations and Contents I. Introduction II. Two Views of Performance III. Skills and Glances IV. Segments and Inferences References II Eye Movements and Perceptual Processes 5 Eye Movements and Perception during Reading I. Introduction II. Control of Eye Movements III. Perception during a Fixation in Reading IV. Perception across Successive Fixations V. Obtaining Information about Mental Processes from Eye Movement Data VI. Concluding Comments References 6 The Perceptual Span and Eye Movement Control during Reading I. Introduction II. The Perceptual Span III. Timing Constraints and Programming Eye Movements IV. Process Monitoring in Reading References 7 Elementary Perceptual and Eye Movement Control Processes in Reading I. Introduction II. The Visibility of Letters: Implications for Eye Movements III. Distributed Processing in Ocular Scanning IV. Conclusion References 8 Perceptual Factors in Reading I. Introduction II. The Perceptual Spans in Reading III. Integration of Information across Fixations IV. Concluding Comments References III Eye Movements and Context Effects 9 Eye Movements and Context Effects during Reading of Extended Discourse I. Introduction II. Comprehension and Eye Movements III. Situational Contexts IV. Conceptual Context V. Implications References 10 Attentional Strategies during the Reading of Short Stories I. Introduction II. The Role of Content and Structure III. The Allocation of Mental Effort Depending on the Availability of Story Frames IV. The Measurement of Resource Allocation (Attention) V. Conclusion References 11 Contextual Influences on Eye Movements in Reading I. Introduction II. Word Identification versus Word Interpretation III. Contextual Influences on Visual Feature Analysis IV. Evidence from Studies of Eye Movements References 12 Context, Form, and Interaction I. Introduction II. The Extent of Context Effects III. Context and Individual Differences IV. The Substance of Interaction References IV Eye Movements and Language Processes I 13 Processing Sentence Structure I. Introduction II. The Case for Structural Processing III. The Eye Movement Recording Technique IV. A Garden-Path Theory of Sentence Comprehension V. Conclusions References 14 On Looking into Space I. Scanning Pictures II. Eye Movements in Reading III. Why Look at the Same Word Twice? IV. A Spatially Addressable Memory Code V. Conclusion References 15 Eye Movements in Pronoun Assignment: A Study of Sentence Integration I. Introduction II. Eye Movements and Comprehension III. Eye Movements and Pronoun Assignment IV. General Discussion References 16 Psycholinguistic Factors Reflected in the Eye V Eye Movements and Language Processes II 17 What Your Eyes Do while Your Mind is Reading I. Introduction II. Eye Fixations during Normal Reading III. A General Theory and a Specific Reading Model IV. The Mechanisms of Reading V. Conclusions References 18 Reading Patterns in Eye Movement Data I. Introduction II. What Influences a Fixation Duration? III. Characterizing Eye Movement Patterns: How Often Do Various Patterns Occur? IV. Simple Breakdowns V. Multiple Regression Approaches VI. Lagged Effects VII. Process Interpretations of Lagged Effects VIII. Summary References 19 On Problems of Unconfounding Perceptual and Language Processes I. Introduction II. Word Length and Word Frequency III. Preferred and Convenient Viewing Position IV. Influences across Words V. Conclusion References 20 What Does the Mind Do While the Eyes are Gazing? I. Introduction II. Problems in Measuring Processing Time III. The Role of Multiple Regression Analysis IV. Toward a Theory of Reading References VI Eye Movements in Picture Processing and Visual Search 21 Eye Fixations on Text and Scenes I. Introduction II. Goals of the Observer III. Physical Structure of Information in Text and Pictures IV. Differences in Eye Movement Patterns V. Perceptual and Postperceptual Processes within a Fixation VI. Summary References 22 A Spatial-Relational Logic behind Visual Differentiation: Gibosonian Constructivism? I. Introduction II. are Two Letters the Same or Different? III. The Experimental Findings IV. Theoretical Implications of Paired Comparison Strategies V. The Feature-Contrast Rule Restated VI. Comparison Strategies in Solving Letter Puzzles VII. Spatial-Relational Logic and Drawing VIII. Conclusions References 23 Saccadic Reaction Time in Visual Search I. Introduction II. Restricted Tasks III. Control of Fixation Duration in Reading and Search IV. Implications of Stimulus Onset Delay Effects for Models of Reading References 24 Representational Buffers: The Eye—Mind Hypothesis in Picture Perception, Reading, and Visual Search I. Buffers in Visual Processing and Eye Movement Control II. Questions about Buffers III. The Buffers and Real Time Processing IV. Vaughan's Stimulus Delay Paradox: Can the Buffer System Explain it? V. Applying the Model to Picture Viewing VI. RSVP and the Buffer Model VII. Conclusion References VII Eye Movements and Dyslexia 25 The "Dyslexia Syndrome" and Its Objective Diagnosis by Erratic Eye Movements I. Introduction II. The Dyslexics' Erratic Eye Movements are Independent of Their Reading Problems III. Concluding Discussion References 26 Eye Movements in Reading Disability I. Introduction II. Word Coding Processes III. Eye Monitor and Reading Task IV. Group Differences V. Dimensions of Individual Differences VI. Multiple Regression Models of Individual Differences VII. Conclusions References 27 Abnormal Patterns of Normal Eye Movements in Specific Dyslexia I. Introduction II. Eye Movement Response to Regularity in Sequential Target Patterns III. Oculomotor Disorders and Reading References 28 Eye Movements and Reading Disability I. Introduction II. The Eye and the Brain III. Eye Movements Reflect Cognitive Processes IV. Eye Movement Disorders in Developmental Reading Disability V. Forms of Developmental Reading Impairment VI. Conclusion References 29 What Can Eye Movements Tell Us about Dyslexia? I. Introduction II. Approaches to Dyslexia III. The Role of Eye Movements References Index