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A Working Guide to Process Equipment

A Working Guide to Process Equipment


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About the Book

Working Guide to Process Equipment, 2nd Ed. carefully and clearly explains all the basic technical issues that you need to know to trouble-shoot most process equipment problems. This guide contains a wealth of useful diagnostic tips, worked-out calculations, practical examples, and informative illustrations to help you quickly pinpoint trouble and repair typical malfunctions in: Trayed and packed distillation towers; Natural and forced reboilers; Partial and total condensers; Steam systems and deaerators; Vaccuum systems; Fired heaters; Shell and tube heat exchangers; Centrifugal compressors; Gas turbines and reciprocating engines; Centrifugal pumps and motor drivers. In no time at all, this essential problem-solving manual will become your most trusted on-the-job tool for dealing effectively with costly equipment malfunctions.

Table of Contents:
Preface to Second Edition Preface to First Edition Introduction Chapter 1. How Trays Work: Flooding (Downcomer Backup) Tray Efficiency Downcomer Backup Downcomer Clearance Vapor--Flow Pressure Drop Jet Flood Incipient Flood Tower Pressure Drop and Flooding Chapter 2. How Trays Work: Dumping (Weeping Through Tray Decks) Tray Pressure Drop Other Causes of Tray Inefficiency Bubble-Cap Trays New High Capacity Trays Chapter 3. Why Control Tower Pressure (Options for Optimizing Tower Operating Pressure) Selecting an Optimum Tower Pressure Raising the Tower Pressure Target Lowering the Tower Pressure The Phase Rule in Distillation Chapter 4. What Drives Distillation Towers (Reboiler Function) The Reboiler Heat-Balance Calculations Chapter 5. How Reboilers Work (Thermosyphon, Gravity Feed, and Forced) Thermosyphon Reboilers Forced-Circulation Reboilers Kettle Reboilers Don't Forget Fouling Chapter 6. How Instruments Work (Levels, Pressures, Flows, and Temperatures) Level Foam Affects Levels Pressure Flow Temperature Chapter 7. Packed Towers: Better than Trays? (Packed-Bed Vapor and Liquid Distribution) How Packed Towers Work Maintaining Functional and Structural Efficiency in Packed Towers Advantages of Packing vs. Trays Chapter 8. Steam and Condensate Systems (Water Hammer and Condensate Backup, Steam-Side Reboiler Control) Steam Reboilers Condensing Heat--Transfer Rates Maintaining System Efficiency Carbonic Acid Corrosion Condensate Collection Systems Deaerators Surface Condensers Chapter 9. Bubble Point and Dew Point (Equilibrium Concepts in Vapor-Liquid Mixtures) Bubble Point Dew Point Chapter 10. Steam Strippers (Source of Latent Heat of Vaporization) Heat of Evaporation Stripper Efficiency Chapter 11. Draw-off Nozzle Hydraulics (Nozzle Cavitation Due to Lack of Hydrostatic Head) Nozzle Exit Loss Critical Flow Maintaining Nozzle Efficiency Overcoming Nozzle Exit Loss Limits Chapter 12. Pumparounds and Tower Heat Flows (Closing the Tower Enthalpy Balance) The Pumparound Vapor Flow Fractionation Chapter 13. Condensers and Tower Pressure Control (Hot-Vapor Bypass: Flooded Condenser Control) Subcooling Vapor Binding, and Condensation Pressure Control Chapter 14. Air Coolers (Fin-Fan Coolers) Fin Fouling Fan Discharge Pressure Effect of Reduced Airflow Adjustments and Corrections to Improve Cooling Designing for Efficiency Chapter 15. Deaerators and Steam Systems (Generating Steam in Boilers and BFW Preparation) Boiler Feedwater Boilers Convection Section Waste-Heat Steam Generation Chapter 16. Vacuum Systems: Steam Jet Ejectors (Steam Jet Ejectors) Theory of Operation Converging and Diverging Compression Calculations, Performance, and Other Measurements in Jet Systems Optimum Vacuum Tower-Top Temperature Chapter 17. Steam Turbines (Use of Horsepower Values and Correct Speed Control) Principle of Operation and Calculations Selecting Optimum Turbine Speed Chapter 18. Surface Condensers The Second Law of Thermodynamics Surface Condenser Heat-Transfer Coefficients Chapter 19. Shell-and-Tube Heat Exchangers Allowing for Thermal Expansion Heat-Transfer Efficiency Exchanger Cleaning Mechanical Design for Good Heat Transfer Chapter 20. Fired Heaters: Fire- and Flue-Gas Side (Draft and Afterburn; Optimizing Excess Air) Effect of Reduced Air Flow Absolute Combustion Draft Air Leakage Efficient Air/Fuel Mixing Optimizing Excess Air Air Preheating, Lighting Burners, and Heat Balancing Chapter 21. Fired Heaters: Process Side (Coking Furnace and Tube Failures) Process Duty versus Heat Liberation Heater Tube Failures Flow in Heater Tubes Annular Flow Low-NOx Burners Tube Fire-Side Heaters Chapter 22. Refrigeration Systems (An Introduction to Centrifugal Compressors) Refrigerant Receiver Evaporator Temperature Control Compressor and Condenser Operation Refrigerant Composition Chapter 23. Centrifugal Pumps: Fundamentals of Operation (Head, Flow, and Pressure) Head Pressure Pump Impeller Effect of Temperature on Pump Capacity Chapter 24. Centrifugal Pumps: Driver Limits (Electric Motors and Steam Turbines) Electric Motors Steam Turbines Gears Chapter 25. Centrifugal Pumps: Suction Pressure Limits (Cavitation and Net Positive Suction Head) Cavitation and Net Positive Suction Head Subatmospheric Suction Pressure Chapter 26. Separators: Vapor-Hydrocarbon-Water (Liquid Settling Rates) Gravity Settling Demisters Entrainment Due to Foam Water-Hydrocarbon Separations Electrically Accelerated Water Coalescing Static Coalescers Chapter 27. Gas Compression: The Basic Ideas (The Second Law of Thermodynamics Made Easy) Relationship between Heat and Work Compression Work Chapter 28. Centrifugal Compressors and Surge (Overamping the Motor Driver) Centrifugal Compression and Surge Compressor Efficiency Chapter 29. Reciprocating Compressors (The Carnot Cycle; Use of Indicator Card) Theory of Reciprocating Compressor Operation The Carnot Cycle The Indicator Card Volumetric Compressor Efficiency Unloaders Rod Loading Variable Molecular Weight Chapter 30. Compressor Efficiency Controlling Vibration and Temperature Rise Relative Efficiency Relative Work: External Pressure Losses Chapter 31. Safety Concerns (Relief Valves, Corrosion, and Safety Trips) Relief-Valve Plugging Corrosion Monitoring Alarms and Trips Autoignition of Hydrocarbons Calculating Heats of Reaction Chapter 32. Corrosion: Process Units Erosive Velocities Mixed Phase Flow Carbonate Corrosion Napthenic Acid Attack A Short History of Corrosion Corrosion--Fired Heaters Oil Fired Heaters Finned-Tube Corrosion Chapter 33. Fluid Flow in Pipes (Basic Ideas to Evaluate Newtonian and Non-Newtonian Flow) Fluid Pressure Drop Survey Line Sizing for Low-Viscosity and Turbulent Flow Frictional Pressure Loss in Rough and Smooth Pipes Special Case for Laminar Flow Smooth Pipes and Turbulent Flow Very Rough Pipes and Very Turbulent Flow Non-Newtonian Fluids Some Types of Flow Behavior Time-Dependent Flow Viscoelastic Fluids Identifying the Type of Flow Behavior Apparent and Effective Viscosity of Non-Newtonian Fluids The Power Law or Ostwald de Waele Model Evaluating k and n Generalized Reynolds Numbers The Metzner Reed Reynolds Number Friction Factor Chapter 34. Super-Fractionation Separation Stage Kettle Reboiler Partial Condenser Side Reboilers and Inter-Coolers Chapter 35. Computer Modeling and Control Modeling a Propane-Propylene Splitter Computer Control Material Balance Problems in Computer Modeling Chapter 36. Field Troubleshooting Process Problems De-Ethanizer Flooding The Elements of Troubleshooting Field Calculations Troubleshooting Tools Field Measurements Troubleshooting Methods Glossary The Norm Lieberman Video Library of Troubleshooting Process Operations Index

About the Author :
McGraw-Hill authors represent the leading experts in their fields and are dedicated to improving the lives, careers, and interests of readers worldwide McGraw-Hill authors represent the leading experts in their fields and are dedicated to improving the lives, careers, and interests of readers worldwide


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Product Details
  • ISBN-13: 9780071390873
  • Publisher: McGraw-Hill Education - Europe
  • Publisher Imprint: McGraw-Hill Professional
  • Height: 231 mm
  • No of Pages: 527
  • Spine Width: 43 mm
  • Width: 152 mm
  • ISBN-10: 0071390871
  • Publisher Date: 16 Jan 2003
  • Binding: Hardback
  • Language: English
  • Returnable: N
  • Weight: 878 gr


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