Cellular Regulation by Protein Phosphorylation: (56 Nato ASI Subseries H:)

In eukaryotes many vital cellular functions like metabolism, motility, secretion, growth, differentiation are ultimately regulated by protein phosphorylation/dephosphorylation. Extracellular signals which trigger thesechanges control protein kinases and protein phosphatases. It is the aim of this volume to unveil signal networks which connect extracellular signals via second messengers with chages of the phosphorylation state of target proteins.

Table of Contents:
I. Background and General Introduction.- Signal Integration in Phosphorylase Kinase.- Physical Approaches to Conformation and Assembly of Biological Macromolecules.- A Vibrational Raman Spectroscopic Study of Myosin and Myosin-Vanadate Interactions.- Phosphorylation and the Frequency Encoding of Signal-induced Calcium Oscillations.- II. Methodology.- Determination of Phosphorylated Amino Acids in Protein Sequences.- Back-Phosphorylation - a Sensitive Technique to Study Protein Phosphorylation in the Intact Heart.- Thermal Transitions in Cardiac Troponin and Its Subunits.- Dynamic Phosphorylation of a Small Chloroplast Protein Exhibiting So Far Undescribed Labelling Properties.- Identification of Phosphorylation Sites in the Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor by Edman Degradation and Mass Spectroscopy LC/MS and LC/MS/MS.- A Sensitive Colorimetric Assay for Protein Phosphatase Activity.- III. Structure - Function Relationship.- Protein Kinase Structure and Function: cAMP-Dependent Protein Kinase.- Expression in E. Coli of Mutated R Subunits of the cAMP-Dependent Protein Kinase From Dictyostelium Discoideum.- Expression of the -Subunit of Phosphorylase b Kinase in E. Coli.- Conformational and Shape Changes Associated with cAMP-Dependent Protein Kinase.- Crystallographic Studies of the Catalytic Subunit of cAMP-Dependent Protein Kinase.- 6-Phosphofructo 2-Kinase/Fructose 2,6-Bisphosphatase: Kinetic Changes Induced by Phosphorylation.- Enzymes Involved in the Reversible Phosphorylation in Microvessels of the Brain.- Covalent Modification of Creatine Kinase by ATP; Evidence for Autophosphorylation.- Two Adjacent Phosphoserines in Bovine, Rabbit and Human Cardiac Troponin I.- Characterisation of Thylakoid Membrane Protein Kinase by Affinity and Immunological Methods.- IV. CA 2+and Cyclic Nucleotide-Independent Phosphorylation.- A Diversity of Elements in the Protein Kinase C Signal Transduction Pathway.- “Independent” Protein Kinases: A Challenge to Canons.- Biphasic Activation of the S6 Kinase: Identification of Signalling Pathways.- Changes on the Electrophoretic Mobility of CD5 Molecules Induced by PKC-mediated Phosphorylation.- Opposing Effects of Protein Kinase C in IgE-dependent Exocytosis and InsP3 Formation.- Proteinphosphorylation in Platelets-Evidence for Increased Protein Kinase C Activity in Essential Hypertension.- Protein Phosphorylation in Luteal Membrane Fraction.- Purification of Bovine Brain Protein Kinase C Employing Metal Ion Dependent Properties.- Cardiac Protein Kinase C Isoenzymes: Phosphorylation of Phospholamban in Longitudinal and Junctional Sarcoplasmic Reticulum.- Characterization of the Phosphorylation Sites of 40S Ribosomal Protein S6.- V. Cyclic Nucleotide-Dependent Signalling.- G Protein Oncogenes.- A New Role for ? -Subunits of G-Proteins.- Conditions Favouring Phosphorylation Inhibit the Activation of Adenylate Cyclase in Human Platelet Membranes.- VI. Protein Tyrosine Phosphorylation.- Regulation of Tyrosine Kinases by Tyrosine Phosphorylation.- pp75: A Novel Tyrosine Phosphorylated Protein That Heralds Differentiation of HL-60 Cells.- Preliminary Biochemical Studies of a Drosophila Homolog of p60c-src.- Phosphoinositide Kinases and EGF Receptor Activation in Plasma Membranes of Tyrosine from A431 Cells.- Phosphorylation of Synaptophysin by the c-src Encoded Protein Tyrosine Kinase pp60c-src.- Altered Thymocyte Development Induced by Augmented Expression of p56lck.- VII. Protein Phosphatases.- Regulation and Regulatory Role of the Inactive ATP, Mg-dependent Protein Phosphatase (pp-1I).- Okadaic Acidfrom Laboratory Cultures of a Dinoflagellate Alga: Effects on Protein Phosphorylation in C3H10T1/2 Fibroblasts.- Regulation of Proto-oncogene Expression and Rate of Protein Synthesis by the Tumor Promoter Okadaic Acid.- The Use of ? Cyclodextrin in the Purification of Protein Phosphatase G from Rat Liver.- Characterization of a Human T-cell Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase Expressed in the Baculovirus System.- Inhibition of Tyrosine Protein Phosphatases from Muscle and Spleen by Nucleic Acids and Polyanions.- VIII. Control of Cellular Processes.- Biochemical Regulation of the CDC2 Protein Kinase.- Molecular and Biochemical Characterization of the Mitogen-activated S6 Kinase.- Protein Phosphorylation in the Nervous System.- Mitotic Control in Mammalian Cells, Positive and Negative Regulation by Protein Phosphorylation.- Regulation of Eukaryotic Translation by Protein Phosphorylation.- Regulation of Microfilament Assembly.- Stimulation of Human DNA Topoisomerase I by Protein Kinase C.- Protein Phosphorylation in Partially Synchronized Cell Suspension Culture of Alfalfa.- Phosphorylation of Elongation Factor Tu in vitro and in vivo.- About a Controversy Concerning the Existence of a Mitogen-responsive S6-Kinase (Late-eluting from DEAE-Sephacel).- Expression of Ferritin Messenger RNA in an in vitro Model of Human CD3-mediated T-Lymphocyte Activation.- Relaxation of Smooth Muscle at High Levels of Myosin Light Chain (MLC) Phosphorylation.- Evidence for Site- and Domain-specific Phosphorylation of the 145 kDa Neurofilament Subunit in vivo.- Tumor Necrosis Factor-induced Gene Expression and Cytotoxicity Share a Signal Transduction Pathway.- Protein Phosphorylation Is Involved in the Recognition of Pathogen-derived Signals by Plant Cells.- Effect of Membrane Modifiers onPolyphosphoinositide Synthesis in Rat Heart Sarcolemma.- Phosphorylation and Acylation of the Growth-related Murine Small Stress Protein P25.