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Home > Science, Technology & Agriculture > Agriculture and farming > Forestry and silviculture > Insektizide * Bakterizide * Oomyceten-Fungizide / Biochemische und Biologische Methoden * Naturstoffe / Insecticides * Bactericides * Oomycete Fungicides / Biochemical and Biological Methods * Natural Products: (6 Chemie der Pflanzenschutz- und Schadlingsbekampfungsmittel)
Insektizide * Bakterizide * Oomyceten-Fungizide / Biochemische und Biologische Methoden * Naturstoffe / Insecticides * Bactericides * Oomycete Fungicides / Biochemical and Biological Methods * Natural Products: (6 Chemie der Pflanzenschutz- und Schadlingsbekampfungsmittel)

Insektizide * Bakterizide * Oomyceten-Fungizide / Biochemische und Biologische Methoden * Naturstoffe / Insecticides * Bactericides * Oomycete Fungicides / Biochemical and Biological Methods * Natural Products: (6 Chemie der Pflanzenschutz- und Schadlingsbekampfungsmittel)


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About the Book

Der vorliegende 6. Band konnte die Oberschrift "Pflanzenschutzforschung auf neuen Wegen" tragen. Trotz der verbreiteten, meist aufmangelndem Informations- stand beruhenden Voreingenommenheit gegen den chemischen Pflanzenschutz, nimmt dessen Bedeutung sHindig zu. Das beruht auf der Notwendigkeit einer sicheren und rationellen landwirtschaftlichen Produktionssteigerung, die durch das rapide Wachstum der WeItbevolkerung erzwungen wird. Zwar ist die land- wirtschaftliche Produktivitat auch in einigen Entwicklungslandern wahrend der letzten 15 Jahre merklich gestiegen, sie haIt aber vielfach mit der Vermehrung der Bevolkerung nicht Schritt. Der Pflanzenschutz ist nicht einseitig auf bestimmte Methoden festgelegt, sondern bedient sich unvoreingenommen aller wirtschaftlich und okologisch vertretbaren Wege und Verfahren. Hierbei wird auch die Forschung nach neuen Wirkstoffen und chemischen Verfahren auf sehr breiter Grundlage weiterbetrieben, wenn auch unter merklicher Steigerung der Forschungskosten. Jeder neue Wirk- stoff muB einen Fortschritt gegeniiber einem eingefUhrten Handelsprodukt dar- stellen. Wichtige Kriterien sind hierbei neben der Wirksamkeit die Umwelt- vertraglichkeit, unter anderem giinstigere toxikologische Eigenschaften, Sicher- heit in der Anwendung und Wirtschaftlichkeit. Wie schon in Band 3 (Beitrag Haug) dargestelIt, sind gerade auch diejenigen Kosten fUr Forschung und Ent- wick lung, die der langfristigen Unbedenklichkeit und Sicherheit der Produkte dienen, iiberproportional gestiegen.

Table of Contents:
Biology of Pheromones.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Biological Function.- 2.1. Sex Pheromones.- 2.2. Aggregation Pheromones.- 2.3. Inhibitors.- 2.4. Allelochemicals.- 2.5. Communication Systems.- 3. Biosynthesis and Release.- 3.1. Stimulation of Production.- 3.2. Rhythm of Release.- 4. Bioassay Methods.- 4.1. Laboratory Bioassays.- 4.2. Electrophysiology.- 4.3. Field Bioassays.- 5. Genetic Factors.- 5.1. Alternative Systems.- 5.2. Population Variations.- 5.3. Taxonomy.- 6. Case Histories.- 6.1. Dendroctonus frontalis.- 6.2. Trypodendron ( = Xyloterus) lineatum.- 6.3. Ips typographus.- 6.4. Lymantria ( = Porthetria).- 7. Conclusions.- 8. References.- Chemistry of Insect Pheromones.- 1. Insect Behavior Controlling Chemicals in Plant Protection.- 2. The Chemical Structure of Pheromones.- Chemical Structure, Occurence, and Behavioral Release of Insect Pheromones and Pheromone Analogs.- 2.1. Sex Attractants of Female Butterflies and Moths, and Related Compounds.- 2.2. Pheromones of Male Lepidoptera.- 2.3. Pheromones of the Bark Beetles (Scolytidae).- 2.4. Sex and Aggregation Pheromones of Other Beetle Families.- 2.5. Sex and Aggregation Pheromones of Cockroaches (Blattidae, Orthoptera).- 2.6. Alarm Substances of Ants (Formicidae, Hymenoptera).- 2.7. Trail Pheromones of Ants and Termites (Formicidae and Isoptera).- 2.8. Sex Attractants of Flies (Diptera).- 2.9. Aphids and Scales (Homoptera).- 2.10. True Bugs (Heteroptera).- 2.11. Bees, Wasps, Bumble Bees, Sawflies (Hymenoptera).- 3. Physiological and Behavioral Activity of Pheromones.- 3.1. Electrophysiology.- 3.2. Structure-Activity Relationships.- 3.3. Multicomponent Pheromone Complexes.- 3.4. Olfactometer Experiments and Field Tests.- 4. Isolation and Structure Elucidation of Pheromones.- 4.1. General.- 4.2. The Bioassay.- 4.3. Pheromone Screening.- 4.4. Pheromone Sources.- 4.5. Isolation of Pheromones.- 4.6. Chromatographic Purification and Fractionation for the Identification of Pheromones.- a) Gel Permeation Chromatography (GPC).- b) Liquid Chromatography under Normal Pressure.- c) High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC).- d) Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC).- e) Gas Chromatography.- 4.7. Identification and Structure Elucidation.- a) Ultrared Spectroscopy.- b) Ultraviolet Spectroscopy.- c) Nuclear Magnetic Resonance - NMR - Spectroscopy.- d) Mass Spectroscopy.- e) Gas Chromatographic Techniques.- 5. Synthesis of Insect Pheromones.- 5.1. Butterflies and Moths - Lepidoptera.- a) Wittig Olefination and Related Methods.- b) The "Acetylenic Approach" to Pheromone Synthesis.- c) Reduction of Allyl Diethyl Phosphonates.- d) Coupling Reactions with Organometallic Reagents.- e) [3.3]-Sigmatropic Reactions.- f) Transition Metal Catalyzed Metathesis Reaction.- g) Electrochemical Procedures.- h) Stereoselective Syntheses of Chiral Lepidoptera Pheromones.- 5.2. Beetles - Coleoptera.- a) Scolytidae - Bark Beetles.- b) Dermestidae.- c) Curculionidae.- d) Bruchidae.- 5.3. Flies - Diptera.- 5.4. Hymenoptera.- 5.5. Pheromones of Isoptera.- 5.6. Synthesis of Cockroach Pheromones (Blattaria).- 6. Acknowledgement.- 7. References.- Die praktische Verwendung von Insektenpheromonen.- 1. Einleitung.- 2. Sexuallockstoffe und Aggregationspheromone.- 2.1 Pheromone als Indikatoren.- 2.2. Bekampfung von Schadlingen im Anlockverfahren.- 2.3. Storung der chemischen Kommunikation.- 2.4. Lockstoffe als Hilfsmittel fur andere Verfahren.- 3. Anwendungsmoglichkeiten sonstiger Pheromone.- 4. Umweltprobleme und Nebenwirkungen.- 5. Entwicklung und Stand der Pheromon-Anwendung.- 5.1. Forst und Geholze.- 5.2. Obst, Wein, Oliven.- 5.3. Getreide.- 5.4. Baumwolle.- 5.5. Sonstiger Acker- und Gartenbau.- 5.6. Vorratsschutz.- 5.7. Hygiene, Medizin and Veterinarmedizin.- 6. Tendenzen, Probleme, Aussichten und Grenzen.- 7. Literatur.- The Use of Juvenoids in Insect Pest Management.- 1. Introduction.- 2. The Role of Endogenous Juvenile Hormones.- 3. Effects of Exogenous Application of Juvenoids.- 3.1. Morphogenetic Effects.- 3.2. Ovicidal Effects and Disruption of Embryogenesis.- 3.3. Effects on the Reproductive System and Fecundity.- 3.4. Effects on Diapause, Polymorphism, and Behaviour.- 4. The Use of Juvenoids Against Pest Species.- 4.1. Pests of Field Crops, Silviculture, and Horticulture.- 4.2. Pests of Medical and Veterinary Importance.- 4.3. Pests of Stored Products.- 4.4. Household, Domestic, and Other Pests.- 4.5. The Use of Juvenoids in Sericulture.- 5. Some Factors Influencing the Practical Use of Juvenoids.- 5.1. Choice of Target Species.- 5.2. Metabolism, Resistance, and Synergism.- 6. Conclusions.- 7. References.- Pflanzenschutzpraparate mikrobieller Herkunft.- 1. Einfuhrung.- 2. Fungizide und Bakterizide.- 2.1. Einleitung.- 2.2. Handelsprodukte.- 2.3. Forschungs- und Entwicklungspraparate.- 3. Insektizide.- 3.1. Einleitung.- 3.2. Handelsprodukte.- 3.3. Forschungs- und Entwicklungspraparate.- 4. Herbizide und Wachstumsregulatoren.- 4.1. Einleitung.- 4.2. Forschungs- und Entwicklungspraparate.- Insektizide Phosphorsaureester.- 1. Einleitung.- 2. Insektizide vom Typ der (Thio)Phosphorsaure-arylester.- 3. Insektizide vom Typ der (Thio)Phosphorsaure-heteroarylester.- 4. Insektizide vom Typ der (Thio)Phosphorsaure-thioalkylester.- 5. Insektizide vom Typ der Enol(thio)phosphorsaureester.- 6. Sonstige.- 7. Literatur.- Bacterial Plant Diseases and Their Control.- 1. Introduction.- 2. The Economic Importance of Bacterioses.- 3. The Causative Agents of Bacterioses.- 3.1. Classification and Taxonomy.- 3.2. Bacterial Genera to which Causative Agents of Bacterioses are Assigned.- 4. Examples of Bacterial Plant Diseases.- 4.1. Bacterial Leaf Blight of Rice.- 4.2. Fire Blight of Pear and Apple.- 4.3. Lethal Yellowing of Coconut Palms.- 5. Control of Bacterial Plant Diseases.- 5.1. Biological Aspects.- 5.2. Chemical Control - General Considerations.- 6. Chemistry of Bactericidal Compounds.- 6.1. Inorganic, Nonmetallic Compounds.- 6.2. Inorganic and Organic Metal Compounds.- 6.2.1. Mercury Compounds.- 6.2.2. Copper Compounds.- 6.3. Dithiocarbonates and Dithiocarbamates.- 6.4. Alcohols and Other Aliphatic Compounds.- 6.5. Aromatic Compounds.- 6.6. Heterocyclic Compounds.- 6.6.1. Heterocyclics Containing Nitrogen.- 6.6.2. Heterocyclics Containing Nitrogen and Sulfur.- 6.7. Antibiotics.- 7. References.- Recent Advances in the Chemical Control of Oomycetes.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Biology of Plant-Pathogenic Oomycetes.- 2.1. Foliar Plant Diseases Caused by Oomycetes.- 2.2. Soilborne Seedling and Root Diseases Caused by Oomycetes.- 3. Traditional Control of Oomycetes by Nonsystemic Fungicides.- 4. Chemistry and Biological Properties of Systemic and Specific Fungicides Against Oomycetes.- 4.1. Earlier Fungicides with Specific Activity Against Oomycetes.- 4.1.1. Fenaminosulf.- 4.1.2. Etridiazole.- 4.1.3. Chloroneb.- 4.1.4. Hymexazol and Related Compounds.- 4.2. Pyroxychlor and Other Pyridines.- 4.3. Prothiocarb and Propamocarb.- 4.4. Curzate.- 4.5. Ethyl Phosphites.- 4.6. Acylalanines and Related Compounds.- 4.7. Miscellaneous New Fungicides Against Oomycetes.- 5. Discussion of Disease Control Strategies with the New Systemic Fungicides Against Oomycetes.- 5.1. Novel Disease Control Possibilities with Systemic Fungicides.- 5.2. Utilization of Curative and Systemic Properties for Integrated Disease Control Strategies.- 5.3. The Risk of Fungicide Resistance.- 6. References.- Benzoylphenylurea Insecticides.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Synthesis of 1-benzoyl-3-phenylureas.- 3. Diflubenzuron, Physical/Chemical Properties and Analysis.- 3.1. Physical and Chemical Properties.- 3.2. Analysis.- 4. Formulations.- 5. Toxicology.- 5.1. Mammalian Toxicity.- 5.1.1. Acute Toxicity.- 5.1.2. Sub-acute Toxicity.- 5.1.3. Semi-chronic Toxicity.- 5.1.4. Chronic Toxicity.- 5.1.5. Special Studies.- 5.2. Toxicity to Birds.- 5.3 Toxicity to Fish.- 6. Mode of Action.- 6.1. Biological Aspects.- 6.1.1. Larvicidal Effects.- 6.1.2. Ovicidal Effects.- 6.1.3. Effects on Adult Insects.- 6.2. Biochemical Aspects.- 7. Distribution and Metabolism.- 7.1. Distribution and Degradation of Diflubenzuron in Soil and Water.- 7.2. Plants and Other Organic Matrices.- 7.3. Animal Metabolism.- 7.4. Metabolism in Insects.- 7.5. Behaviour in Ecosystems.- 7.6. Residues.- 7.6.1. Plant Residues.- 7.6.2. Residues in Animal Tissues.- 7.6.3. Residues in Mushrooms.- 8. Fields of Application.- 8.1. Introduction; Selectivity.- 8.2. Agricultural Crops.- 8.2.1. Cotton.- 8.2.2. Soybeans.- 8.2.3. Corn.- 8.3. Horticultural Crops.- 8.3.1. Fruit Crops.- 8.3.2. Mushrooms.- 8.3.3. Floriculture.- 8.3.4. Cabbage.- 8.4. Forestry and Woody Ornamentals.- 8.5. Medical-hygienic and Veterinary Applications, Including Control of Nuisance Insects.- 8.5.1. Mosquitoes and Midges.- 8.5.2. Flies.- 8.5.3. Blackflies.- 8.5.4. Tsetse Flies.- 8.5.5. Chewing Lice.- 8.6. Effects on Non-targets, not Related to a Specific Field of Application.- 8.6.1. Honey Bees.- 8.6.2. Non-target Aquatic Organisms.- 8.7. Nematicidal Effects.- 9. Resistance.- 9.1. Cross Resistance.- 9.2. Build-up of Resistance Against Diflubenzuron.- 10. Structure-Activity Relationship.- 11. Experimental Products.- 11.1. Experimental Compounds of Bayer AG.- 11.2. Experimental Compounds of Eli Lilly.- 11.3. Experimental Compound of Philips-Duphar.- 12. Literature and Patents.- Zur Problematik des biologischen Pflanzenschutzes in der Landwirtschaft.- 1. Problemstellung und Abgrenzung.- 2. Problemumfang.- 3. Praktische Aussichten der biologischen Unkrautbekampfung.- 4. Praktische Aussichten der biologischen Bekampfung von Schadpilzen.- 5. Biologische Bekampfung von Insekten und anderen tierischen Schadlingen.- 5.1. Verschleppte Schadlinge.- 5.2. Autochthone Schadlinge.- 5.3. Methoden der biologischen Schadlingsbekampfung.- 5.3.1. Die Verwendung von Parasiten.- 5.3.2. Die Verwendung von Pradatoren.- 5.3.3. Die Verwendung von Mikroorganismen.- 5.3.4. Autozidverfahren.- 6. Nebenwirkungen und Gesichtspunkte der amtlichen Zulassung.- 7. Diskussion.- 8. Schlussbetrachtung.- 9. Literatur.


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Product Details
  • ISBN-13: 9783540103073
  • Publisher: Springer-Verlag Berlin and Heidelberg GmbH & Co. KG
  • Publisher Imprint: Springer-Verlag Berlin and Heidelberg GmbH & Co. K
  • Language: English
  • Series Title: 6 Chemie der Pflanzenschutz- und Schadlingsbekampfungsmittel
  • ISBN-10: 3540103074
  • Publisher Date: 01 Dec 1980
  • Binding: Hardback
  • Returnable: N
  • Weight: 1145 gr


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Insektizide * Bakterizide * Oomyceten-Fungizide / Biochemische und Biologische Methoden * Naturstoffe / Insecticides * Bactericides * Oomycete Fungicides / Biochemical and Biological Methods * Natural Products: (6 Chemie der Pflanzenschutz- und Schadlingsbekampfungsmittel)
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Insektizide * Bakterizide * Oomyceten-Fungizide / Biochemische und Biologische Methoden * Naturstoffe / Insecticides * Bactericides * Oomycete Fungicides / Biochemical and Biological Methods * Natural Products: (6 Chemie der Pflanzenschutz- und Schadlingsbekampfungsmittel)

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