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Laicites Autoritaires En Terres D'Islam

Laicites Autoritaires En Terres D'Islam


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About the Book

C'est tardivement que la laicite a vu le jour en tant qu'idee dans le monde musulman. Elle a commence a prendre corps dans le courant du XIXe siecle, dans les pays passes sous la domination ou l'influence de l'Occident. Au lendemain de la Premiere Guerre mondiale, la laicite a fait irruption avec les reformes brutales de Mustafa Kemal, modeles pour tout le monde musulman. C'est encore a l'exemple du kemalisme que l'idee s'est de plus en plus repandue que l'Etat devait dominer la religion, et que l'on a pu assister a cette floraison d'ideologies nationalistes qui allaient chercher dans la race, la langue ou la volonte nationale, des principes d'union. Les pays musulmans n'ont connu alors que des laicites autoritaires qui ont paru bloquer toute emergence des societes civiles. Depuis Bourguiba jusqu'a Saddam Hussein, les professions de foi laiques ou laicisantes ont ete percues comme le corollaire de regimes dictatoriaux et/ou de la perpetuation de la domination occidentale. Le seul pays ou la laicite a ete acceptee et integree culturellement est la Turquie. En adoptant les valeurs du vainqueur (l'Etat-nation ethnique et la laicite), la Turquie kemaliste entendait rompre avec un passe qui semblait avoir conduit le monde musulman a une perte presque generalisee de sa souverainete. La laicite venait y renforcer une identite ethnique, turque, et pour ces deux raisons, elle fut finalement acceptee malgre la violence qu'elle signifia pour une societe qui se definissait encore majoritairement a partir de criteres religieux. Mais ce choix laissait a l'armee le role de rempart du systeme etabli par Mustafa Kemal. Ne peut-on donc dire que la Turquie partage aujourd'hui en partie avec les autres pays musulmans certains enjeux post-coloniaux, bien que n'ayant pas ete colonisee ? S'il s'avere qu'il n'y a pas de laicite democratique possible en Turquie, modele ou contre-modele pour nombre de musulmans, cela aura des consequences importantes pour les pays de la region. En revanche, un compromis entre laics et AKP serait une premiere qui manifesterait que laicite et islam ne sont pas incompatibles dans le contexte actuel, marque par un face-a-face recurrent entre des elites secularisantes et autoritaires au pouvoir qui s'appuient sur les forces armees, d'une part, et de l'autre, des societes civiles qui s'expriment de facon croissante par l'islam.

About the Author :
Specialiste du Moyen-Orient contemporain, Pierre-Jean Luizard est chercheur au CNRS. Il a publie La Formation de l'Irak contemporain (CNRS Editions, 2002), La Question irakienne (Fayard, 2002; nouvelle edition augmentee 2004) et La Vie de l'ayatollah Mahdi al-Khalisi par son fils (La Martiniere, 2005). photo: (c) John Foley/Opale


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Product Details
  • ISBN-13: 9782213648309
  • Publisher: Fayard
  • Publisher Imprint: Fayard
  • Language: French
  • ISBN-10: 2213648301
  • Publisher Date: 09 Jan 2008
  • Binding: Digital (delivered electronically)


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