Anemia in Inflammatory Bowel Diseases: (Uni-Med Science)

Inflammatory bowel diseases are increasingly common and complex. Modern therapeutic strategies involve infusion therapy and the use anti-TNF or other biologicals as well as intravenous iron preparations. This book covers the pathophysiology and treatment of anemia in inflammatory bowel diseases and discusses controversial aspects specifically when it comes to iron therapy.

Table of Contents:
Contents1. IBD and Anemia 161.1. Prevalence 161.1.1. Historic notes 161.1.2. Epidemiology of IBD 161.1.3. Epidemiology of Anemia 171.1.4. References 191.2. Clinical aspects 191.2.1. Inflammatory bowel diseases 191.2.2. Ulcerative colitis 201.2.3. Crohn's disease 211.2.4. Extraintestinal manifestations 211.2.4.1. Anemia 241.2.5. References 241.3. Differential diagnosis 251.3.1. Microcytic anemia 271.3.2. Normocytic anemia 301.3.3. Macrocytic anemia 321.3.4. References 352. Pathophysiology 382.1. Erythropoiesis 382.1.1. Erythropoiesis 382.1.2. Erythropoietin 402.1.3. References 422.2. Iron deficiency 422.2.1. Physiology of iron metabolism 422.2.2. Iron distribution and utilization 432.2.3. Regulation of iron homeostasis 442.2.3.1. Regulation by hepcidin 442.2.3.2. Regulation of the expression of iron related genes 452.2.4. Pathophysiology of iron deficiency 462.2.5. References 472.3. Anemia of chronic disease 472.3.1. Pathophysiology 472.3.2. Diagnosis 482.3.3. Treatment 502.3.4. References 512.4. Nutritional facts 512.4.1. Iron requirements 512.4.2. Iron absorption and regulation 512.4.3. References 533. Therapy 563.1. Oral iron 563.1.1. Diagnosis and indications for treatment 563.1.2. Treatment goals 563.1.3. Which oral iron preparation, what dose and for how long? 563.1.4. Dietary and drug interactions 573.1.5. Other management considerations 583.1.6. Adverse effects 583.1.7. References 583.2. Intravenous iron in inflammatory bowel disease 593.2.1. Iron deficiency: The main cause of anemia in IBD 593.2.2. Pathophysiology 593.2.3. Limitations of oral iron therapy in IBD-related anemia 593.2.4. Modalities of intravenous iron therapy 603.2.5. Iron sucrose in IBD 613.2.6. Combined infliximab and IV iron therapy 613.2.7. Safety of iron sucrose 613.2.8. Towards an optimization of intravenous iron therapy 633.2.9. References 643.3. Erythropoietin 653.3.1. Erythropoiesis - Erythropoietin 653.3.2. Erythropoietic Agents 653.3.3. Erythropoietin in IBD 683.3.4. Mechanisms of action 683.3.5. Predictive factors of response 683.3.6. Safety issues 683.3.7. Conclusions 693.3.8. References 694. Controversies 724.1. Iron, inflammation and oxidative stress 724.1.1. Iron: an essential but potentially harmful nutrient 724.1.2. Reactive oxygen species and oxidative stress 724.1.3. Oxidative damage 724.1.4. Antioxidant defences 734.1.5. Oxidative stress in inflammatory bowel disease 734.1.6. Iron in inflammatory bowel disease 734.1.7. References 744.2. Lessons learned from rodent models 744.2.1. Introduction 744.2.2. Iron and inflammatory activity 754.2.3. Rodent models 754.2.4. Iron supplementation and severity of colitis 754.2.5. Iron supplementation and colitis-associated carcinogenesis 784.2.6. Conclusion 794.2.7. References 794.3. Impact on quality of life 804.3.1. Health-related quality of life in IBD and the impact of anemia 804.3.2. Major dimensions of the health concept 804.3.3. Determinants of HRQOL 814.3.4. HRQOL in IBD 814.3.5. Impact of anemia on HRQOL in IBD 824.3.6. References 824.4. Guidance for clinical practice 834.4.1. Assessment 834.4.2. Treatment optimization 844.4.2.1. Treatment goals 844.4.2.2. Treatment algorithm 844.4.3. References 865. Key References and Useful Websites 90 Index 94