Structural Analysis: Understanding Behavior

TRY (FREE for 14 days), OR RENT this title: www.wileystudentchoice.com When teaching structural analysis, some contend that students need broad exposure to many of the classical techniques of analysis, while others argue that learners benefit more from the computer-based analysis experiences that involve parametric studies. Structural Analysis, Understanding Behavior strikes a balance between these viewpoints. Students may no longer need to know every classical technique but they still need a fundamental knowledge of the concepts which come from studying a subset of classical techniques. This foundation is then strengthened by the use of structural analysis software in activities designed to promite self-discovery of structural concepts and behaviors. This text was developed with this goal in mind.

Table of Contents:
PREFACE xv PART 1 DETERMINATE STRUCTURES 1 INTRODUCTION 2 1.1 Structural Analysis and Design, 2 1.2 History of Structural Analysis, 3 1.3 Basic Principles of Structural Analysis, 6 1.4 Structural Components and Systems, 6 1.5 Structural Forces, 8 1.6 Calculation Accuracy, 8 1.7 Checks on Problems, 9 1.8 Using Computers for Structural Analysis, 10 1.9 Overview of this Textbook, 11 2 STRUCTURAL LOADS 12 2.1 Introduction, 12 2.2 Structural Safety, 13 2.3 Codes, Standards, and Specifications, 14 2.4 Types of Structural Loads, 15 2.5 Loading Conditions for Allowable Stress Design, 16 2.6 Loading Conditions for Strength Design, 17 2.7 Dead Loads, 19 2.8 Live Loads, 21 2.9 Live Load Impact Factors, 22 2.10 Live Loads on Roofs, 23 2.11 Rain Loads, 25 2.12 Snow Loads, 27 2.13 Wind Loads, 30 2.14 ASCE Envelope Procedure for Estimating Wind Loads, 32 2.15 Seismic Loads, 34 2.16 Equivalent Lateral Force Procedure for Seismic Loads, 36 2.17 Highway Bridge Loads, 40 2.18 Railway Bridge Loads, 41 2.19 Other Loads, 42 2.20 Examples with Video Solutions, 43 2.21 Problems for Solution, 43 3 VERTICAL SYSTEM LOADING AND BEHAVIOR 46 3.1 Introduction, 46 3.2 Structural Idealization, 47 3.3 Vertical Load Path, 48 3.4 Tributary Areas, 51 3.5 Influence Area, 57 3.6 Floor Live Load Reductions, 58 3.7 Columns in Multistory Buildings, 60 3.8 Examples with Video Solutions, 62 3.9 Problems for Solution, 62 4 LATERAL SYSTEM LOADING AND BEHAVIOR 65 4.1 Introduction, 65 4.2 Lateral Load Path, 66 4.3 Vertical Lateral Force Resisting Systems, 68 4.4 Diaphragms, 71 4.5 Tributary Approach, 73 4.6 Examples with Video Solutions, 80 4.7 Problems for Solution, 81 5 REACTIONS 83 5.1 Equilibrium, 83 5.2 Calculation of Unknowns, 84 5.3 Types of Supports, 84 5.4 Role and Analysis of Springs, 86 5.5 Internal Releases, 86 5.6 Stability and Statical Determinacy, 87 5.7 Unstable Equilibrium and Geometric Instability, 90 5.8 Free-Body Diagrams, 91 5.9 Reactions for Single Rigid-Body Systems, 92 5.10 Reactions for Multiple Connected Rigid-Body Systems, 97 5.11 Matrix Formulation for Reactions, 102 5.12 SAP2000 Computer Applications, 104 5.13 Examples with Video Solutions, 107 5.14 Problems for Solution, 107 6 AXIAL FORCE, SHEAR FORCE, AND BENDING MOMENT 115 6.1 Introduction, 115 6.2 Member Internal Forces, 115 6.3 Axial, Shear, and Bending Moment Equations, 118 6.4 Relation between Load, Shear, and Moment, 121 6.5 Shear and Bending Moment Diagrams for Beams, 123 6.6 Axial Diagrams, 129 6.7 Shear and Bending Moment Diagrams for Frames, 130 6.8 Moment Diagrams Using Superposition, 134 6.9 Structural System Consideration, 135 6.10 SAP2000 Computer Applications, 137 6.11 Examples with Video Solutions, 141 6.12 Problems for Solution, 142 7 PLANE TRUSSES 150 7.1 Introduction, 150 7.2 Assumptions for Truss Analysis, 151 7.3 Roof Trusses, 152 7.4 Bridge Trusses, 153 7.5 Arrangement of Truss Members, 154 7.6 Stability and Statical Determinacy of Trusses, 154 7.7 Methods of Analysis and Conventions, 158 7.8 Method of Joints, 159 7.9 Matrix Formulation for Reactions and Bar Forces, 162 7.10 Zero-Force Members, 164 7.11 Method of Sections, 166 7.12 Simple, Compound, and Complex Trusses, 172 7.13 Structural System Consideration, 173 7.14 SAP2000 Computer Applications, 175 7.15 Examples with Video Solutions, 178 7.16 Problems for Solution, 178 8 DEFLECTIONS AND ANGLE CHANGES IN STRUCTURES 187 8.1 Introduction, 187 8.2 Reasons for Computing Deflections, 188 8.3 Long Term Deflections, 189 8.4 Sketching Deformed Shapes of Structures, 189 8.5 Determining Sense of Reactions from Deformed Shape, 194 8.6 Elastic Beam Theory, 195 8.7 Deflection by Double Integration, 197 8.8 SAP2000 Computer Applications, 202 8.9 Examples with Video Solutions, 204 8.10 Problems for Solution, 205 9 DEFLECTION AND ANGLE CHANGES USING VIRTUALWORK 211 9.1 Introduction to Energy Methods, 211 9.2 Conservation of Energy Principle, 211 9.3 Virtual Work or Complementary Virtual Work Method, 212 9.4 Truss Deflections by Virtual Work, 213 9.5 Application of Virtual Work to Trusses, 214 9.6 Deflections and Angle Changes of Beams and Frames, 217 9.7 Application of Virtual Work Using Visual Integration, 221 9.8 Application of Virtual Work to Springs, 225 9.9 Consideration of Shear Deformations, 227 9.10 SAP2000 Computer Applications, 228 9.11 Examples with Video Solutions, 230 9.12 Problems for Solution, 230 PART 2 INDETERMINATE STRUCTURES 10 INTRODUCTION TO STATICALLY INDETERMINATE STRUCTURES 238 10.1 Introduction, 238 10.2 Continuous Structures, 239 10.3 Advantages of Statically Indeterminate Structures, 240 10.4 Disadvantages of Statically Indeterminate Structures, 241 10.5 Methods of Analyzing Statically Indeterminate Structures, 242 10.6 Looking Ahead, 243 11 FORCEMETHOD FOR STATICALLY INDETERMINATE STRUCTURES 244 11.1 Beams and Frames with One Redundant, 244 11.2 Maxwell’s Law of Reciprocal Deflections, 252 11.3 Beams and Frames with Two or More Redundants, 253 11.4 Support Settlement, 254 11.5 SAP2000 Computer Applications, 256 11.6 Examples with Video Solutions, 258 11.7 Problems for Solution, 259 12 FORCEMETHODFORSTATICALLY INDETERMINATESTRUCTURESCONTINUED 262 12.1 Analysis of Externally Redundant Trusses, 262 12.2 Analysis of Internally Redundant Trusses, 264 FOR SCREEN VIEWING IN BPA ONLY Neilson 1114 Ch January 27, 2017 5:32pm 12.3 Analysis of Composite Structures, 266 12.4 Temperature Changes, Shrinkage, Fabrication Errors, and So On, 270 12.5 SAP2000 Computer Applications, 271 12.6 Examples with Video Solutions, 274 12.7 Problems for Solution, 274 13 MOMENT DISTRIBUTION FOR BEAMS 278 13.1 Introduction, 278 13.2 Sign Convention, 279 13.3 Basic Concepts and Definitions, 280 13.4 Distribution Factors, 282 13.5 Application of Moment Distribution, 284 13.6 Modification of Stiffness and FEM for Simple Ends, 288 13.7 Shearing Force and Bending Moment Diagrams, 289 13.8 Spreadsheet Computer Applications, 291 13.9 Examples with Video Solutions, 292 13.10 Problems for Solution, 292 14 MOMENT DISTRIBUTION FOR FRAMES 295 14.1 Frames with Sidesway Prevented, 295 14.2 Sway Frames with Point Loads at Joints, 298 14.3 General Frames with Sidesway, 303 14.4 Frames with Sloping Legs, 308 14.5 Multistory Frames, 311 14.6 Examples with Video Solutions, 312 14.7 Problems for Solution, 312 15 APPROXIMATE ANALYSIS OF STATICALLY INDETERMINATE STRUCTURES 316 15.1 Introduction, 316 15.2 Trusses with Two Diagonals in Each Panel, 317 15.3 Continuous Beams, 318 15.4 Analysis of Building Frames for Vertical Loads, 320 15.5 Analysis of Portal Frames, 323 15.6 Analysis of Building Frames for Lateral Loads, 325 15.7 Exact and Approximate Analysis Results Comparison, 329 15.8 Analysis of Vierendeel Trusses, 330 15.9 Examples with Video Solutions, 331 15.10 Problems for Solution, 331 PART 3 IINFLUENCE LINES 16 INFLUENCE LINES FOR DETERMINATE STRUCTURES 336 16.1 Introduction, 336 16.2 The Influence Line Defined, 336 16.3 Influence Lines for Simple Beam Reactions, 337 16.4 Influence Lines for Simple Beam Shear Forces, 337 16.5 Influence Lines for Simple Beam Moments, 338 16.6 Influence Lines Using Quantitative Approach, 339 16.7 Qualitative Influence Lines, 341 16.8 Uses of Influence Lines: Concentrated Loads, 346 16.9 Uses of Influence Lines: Uniform Loads, 347 16.10 Determining Maximum Loading Effects Using Influence Lines, 348 16.11 Maximum Loading Effects Using Beam Curvature, 349 16.12 Maximum Values for Moving Loads, 350 16.13 Influence Lines for Trusses, 352 16.14 Examples with Video Solutions, 360 16.15 Problems for Solution, 360 17 INFLUENCE LINES FOR STATICALLY INDETERMINATE STRUCTURES 365 17.1 Influence Lines for Statically Indeterminate Beams, 365 17.2 Qualitative Influence Lines for Indeterminate Beams and Frames, 370 17.3 Influence Lines for Determining Loading Scenarios for Continuous Systems, 374 17.4 Examples with Video Solutions, 375 17.5 Problems for Solution, 375 PART 4 MATRIX METHODS FOR STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS 18 INTRODUCTION TOMATRIX METHODS 380 18.1 Structural Analysis Using the Computer, 380 18.2 Matrix Methods, 381 18.3 Force and Displacement Methods of Analysis, 382 18.4 Introduction to the Force or Flexibility Method, 382 18.5 Examples with Video Solutions, 387 18.6 Problems for Solution, 387 19 DIRECT STIFFNESS METHOD FOR TRUSSES 389 19.1 Introduction, 389 19.2 Definitions and Concepts, 390 19.3 Kinematic Determinacy, 392 19.4 Stiffness Method, 394 19.5 Stiffness Matrix for Axial Force Members, 400 19.6 Stiffness Matrix for Inclined Axial Force Members, 401 19.7 Assemblage of Structure-Level Stiffness Matrix for Planar Trusses, 405 19.8 Solving for Member End Forces, 408 19.9 Characteristics of Stiffness Matrices, 412 19.10 Spreadsheet Computer Applications, 412 19.11 Examples with Video Solutions, 417 19.12 Problems for Solution, 417 20 DIRECT STIFFNESS METHOD FOR BEAMS AND FRAMES 421 20.1 Introduction, 421 20.2 Stiffness Matrix for Flexural (Beam) Elements, 421 20.3 Matrix Stiffness Method Applied to Beams, 423 20.4 Solving for Member End Forces, 428 20.5 Plotting Deflections Using Beam Shape Functions, 431 20.6 Loading Between Nodes (Statical Equivalency), 434 20.7 Superposition to Obtain Shear, Moment, and Deflection Diagrams, 438 20.8 Stiffness Matrix for Combined Axial and Flexural (Frame) Elements, 441 20.9 Transformation Matrix for Inclined Frame Element, 442 20.10 Matrix Stiffness Method Applied to Frames, 443 20.11 Spreadsheet Computer Applications, 448 20.12 SAP2000 Computer Applications, 450 20.13 Examples with Video Solutions, 452 20.14 Problems for Solution, 452 21 ADDITIONAL TOPICS FOR THE DIRECT STIFFNESS METHOD 459 21.1 Introduction, 459 21.2 Stiffness Formulation for Structures with Enforced Displacements, 459 21.3 Stiffness Formulation for Structures Subjected to Temperature Changes, 462 21.4 Stiffness Formulation for Structures with Misfit Members, 468 21.5 Static Condensation, 470 21.6 Partially Restrained Connections, 474 21.7 Releases, 478 21.8 Inclined Supports, 481 21.9 SAP2000 Computer Applications, 485 21.10 Examples with Video Solutions, 488 21.11 Problems for Solution, 489 A ASCE 7-16 Information 494 B Introduction to SAP2000 499 B.1 Introduction, 499 B.2 Slides, 500 C Matrix Algebra 520 C.1 Introduction, 520 C.2 Matrix Definitions and Properties, 520 C.3 Special Matrix Types, 521 C.4 Determinant of a Square Matrix, 522 C.5 Adjoint Matrix, 523 C.6 Matrix Arithmetic, 524 C.7 Matrix Partitioning, 528 D Reference Charts 531 D.1 Introduction, 531

About the Author :
Bryant G. Nielson is the Cottingham Distinguished Professor of Practice in the Glenn Department of Civil Engineering at Clemson University.  He holds a BS and MS in civil engineering from Utah State University and a PhD in civil engineering from the Georgia Institute of Technology. Professor Nielson is an educator at heart. He is the recipient of numerous teaching awards and has been actively engaged in teaching structural analysis and other related courses for over a decade – in both traditional and online settings.  He has also worked for several years as a structural designer which has provided context and direction for teaching the discipline of structural engineering to the engineers of the future. Jack C. McCormac is Alumni Distinguished Professor o Civil Engineering, Emeritus at Clemson University. He holds a BS in civil engineering from the Citadel, an MS in civil engineering from Massachusetts Institute of Technology, and a Doctor of Letters from Clemson University. His contributions to engineering education and the engineering profession have been recognized by many, including the American Society for Engineering Education, the American Institute of Steel Construction, and the American Concrete Institute. Professor McCormac was included in the International Who's Who in Engineering, and was named by the Engineering News-Record as one of the top 125 engineers or architects in the world in the last 125 years for his contributions to the construction industry. He was one of only two educators living in the world today to receive this honor. Professor McCormac belongs to the American Society of Civil Engineers and served as the principal civil engineering grader for the National Council of Examiners for Engineering and Surveying for many years.