The Board of Longitude: Science, Innovation and Empire

In the first book-length history of the Board of Longitude, a distinguished team of historians of science bring to life one of Georgian Britain's most important scientific institutions. Having developed in the eighteenth century following legislation offering rewards for methods to determine longitude at sea, the Board came to support the work of navigators, instrument makers, clockmakers and surveyors, and assembled the Nautical Almanac. Utilizing the archives and records of the Board, recently digitised by the same team, the authors shed new light on the Board's involvement in colonial projects, Pacific and Arctic exploration, as well as on innovative practitioners whose work would otherwise be lost to history. This is an invaluable guide to science, state and society in Georgian Britain, a period of dramatic industrial and imperial and technological expansion.

Table of Contents:
1. Introduction; 2. Sailing the oceans and seeking longitude before 1714; 3. Launching the eighteenth-century search for the longitude; 4. The early commissioners in transition; 5. The birth of the Board of Longitude; 6. Time trials: the Board of Longitude and the watchmaking trade, 1770–1821; 7. Manufacturing the Nautical Almanac; 8. Managing, communicating and judging longitude after Harrison, 1774–c.1800; 9. A practical institution weighed down by impractical proposals?; 10. What is an observatory? From the metropolis to the Cape; 11. The death and rebirth of the Board of Longitude; Appendix 1: The 1714 Longitude Act; Appendix 2: The Board of Longitude finances; Appendix 3: Payments from the Board of Longitude to John Harrison.

About the Author :
Alexi Baker operates the History of Science and Technology collection at Yale University's Peabody Museum. Richard Dunn is Keeper of Technologies and Engineering at the Science Museum, London. Rebekah Higgitt is Principal Curator of Science at National Museums Scotland. Simon Schaffer was Professor of the History of Science at the University of Cambridge until 2022 and principal investigator on the AHRC project on the Board of Longitude. Sophie Waring is Director of the Old Operating Theatre Museum and Herb Garret.

Review :
'This volume, based on thorough research, has succeeded in providing a much more rounded picture of the work of the Longitude Commissioners than have previous histories of the subject which have often focused on the role of John Harrison and his marine timekeepers. Both the excellent introduction and the individual essays examine the history behind the creation of the Longitude Commissioners and show that the Board ranged much more widely than the consideration of marine timekeepers. Besides its value to those interested in the history of navigation and exploration, the study examines the gradual expansion of government activity in many areas of innovation.' Gloria Clifton, Royal Museums Greenwich 'The path to longitude retains its fascination but, oddly, the Board which oversaw it has lacked a history. This lacuna is amply rectified in this well researched book of essays based on a close scrutiny of the original records. It traverses the beginnings of the Board, its operation and influence and its ultimate demise. Overall, this provides an authoritative account of one of the key institutions which facilitated Britain's long naval and imperial reach.' John Gascoigne, University of New South Wales 'The Board of Longitude: Science, Innovation and Empire provides an authoritative account of one of the first state bodies to support innovation and encourage practical solutions to navigational problems. Informed by a forensic engagement with the surviving sources, the authors chart the role of the Board of Longitude in some of the most important technological endeavours of the period. This book offers an invaluable guide for anyone interested in navigating the overlapping commercial, political and scientific imperatives that characterized eighteenth-century Britain.' John McAleer, University of Southampton 'This meticulously researched, capacious volume shines a valuable spotlight on Britain's first standing funding body for science and technology. These leading experts have definitively reframed our understanding of the Board of Longitude, the myriad figures who proposed inventive solutions, and the Commissioners who oversaw more than a century of influential contributions to astronomy and navigation.' Margaret Schotte, York University