Biomass as Raw Material for the Production of Biofuels and Chemicals

For the power industry, biomass is just a modern name for the ancient material of plant origin that was converted into energy in the simple technology of burning. This book discusses biomass as a raw material for the production of liquid or gaseous biofuels and valuable chemicals. Such biomass processing should be beneficial from both economic and environmental points of view. Classic technologies of biogas production are still being improved, but they always generate waste that differs in terms of chemical parameters, depending on the feedstock digested. These parameters dictate the manner of their final managing. Various biotechnologies allow the use of the biomass of hydrobionts, such as cyanobacteria as a raw substance for obtaining different products, e.g. hyaluronic acid, biopolymers, fertilizers, or even drugs. Animal fats or algae can be used to produce biodiesel which in turn is used in environmentally friendly urban transport. Even municipal solid waste can be a source of useful biomass. The authors show how its volume and composition can be predicted, by which form of processing it can be converted into valuable products, as well as in which ways its negative environmental impact can be limited.

Table of Contents:
1. The intensity of heat exchange in complexes of organic waste disposal 2. Predicting volume and composition of municipal solid waste based on ANN and ANFIS methods and correlation-regression analysis 3. Assessment of ecology-economic efficiency in providing thermal stabilization of biogas installations 4. Increasing the efficiency of municipal solid waste pre-processing technology to reduce its water permeability 5. Assessment of pesticide phytotoxicity with the bioindication method 6. Efficiency assessment functioning of vibration machines for biomass processing 7. The use of cyanobacteria – water pollutants in various multiproduction 8. Elaboration of biotechnology processing of hydrobionts mass forms 9. Hyaluronic acid as a product of the blue-green algae biomass processing 10. Prospects for the use of cyanobacterial waste as an organo-mineral fertilizer 11. Biomass of excess activated sludge from aeration tanks as renewable raw materials in environmental biotechnology 12. The use of activated sludge biomass for cleaning of wastewater from dairy enterprises 13. Ecological and economic principles of rational use of biomass 14. Fallen leaves and other seasonal biomass as raw material for producing biogas and fertilizers 15. Toxicity by digestate of methanogenic processing of biomass 16. The use of microcystis aeruginosa biomass to obtain fungicidal drugs 17. Experimental research of engine characteristics working on the mixtures of biodiesel fuels obtained from algae 18. Mathematical model of synthesis of biodiesel from technical animal fats 19. Application of system analysis for the investigation of environmental friendliness of urban transport systems

About the Author :
Waldemar Wójcik, was born in Poland, 1949. He is Director of the Institute of Electronics and Information Technology, former long-time dean of the Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science at Lublin University of Technology, Doctor Honoris Causa of five universities in Ukraine and Kazakhstan. He obtained his Ph. D. in 1985 at the Lublin University of Technology, and D. Sc. in 2002 at the National University Lviv Polytechnic, Ukraine. In 2009 he obtained a title of professor granted by the President of Poland. In his research he mainly deals with process control, optoelectronics, digital data analysis and also heat processes or solid state physics. He pays particular attention to the use optoelectronic technology in the monitoring and diagnostics of thermal processes. He is a member of Optoelectronics Section of the Committee of Electronics and Telecommunications of the Polish Academy of Sciences; Metrology Section of the Committee of Metrology and Scientific Equipment of the Polish Academy of Sciences. He is also a member of European Academy of Science and Arts (Austria); Academy of Applied Radioelectronics of Russia, Ukraine and Belarus; The International Informatization Academy of Kazakhstan and many other scientific organisations of Poland as well as Europe and Asia. In total, he has published 56 books, over 400 papers, and authored several patents. He is also a member of the editorial board of numerous international and national scientific and technical journals. Małgorzata Pawłowska Ph.D. is a researcher and lecturer at the Faculty of Environmental Engineering of Lublin University of Technology. In the years 2013-2019 she was the head of the Department of Alternative Fuels Engineering at the Institute of Renewable Energy Sources Engineering. Currently, she heads the Department of Biomass and Waste Conversion into Biofuels. She received her M.Sc. of the philosophy of nature and the protection of the environment at the Catholic University of Lublin in 1993. In 1999, she received Ph.D. in agrophysics at the Institute of Agrophysics of the Polish Academy of Sciences, and in 2010 she obtained a postdoctoral degree in the technical sciences in the field of environmental engineering at the Wrocław University of Technology. In 2018, she was awarded the title of professor of technical sciences. Her scientific interests focus mainly on the issues related to the reduction the greenhouse gases concentrations in the atmosphere, energy recovery of organic waste, and the possibility of using the waste from the energy sector in the reclamation of degraded land. A measurable outcomes of her research is the authorship or co-authorship of 105 papers, including 40 articles in scientific journals, 4 monographs, 24 chapters in monographs, co-edition of 5 monographs, co-authorship of 15 patents and dozens of patent applications. She has participated in the implementation of 9 research projects concerning, first of all, the prevention of pollutant emissions from landfills and the implementation of sustainable waste management.