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Home > Sciences & Environment > Geography > Crustal Evolution of Southern Africa: 3.8 Billion Years of Earth History
Crustal Evolution of Southern Africa: 3.8 Billion Years of Earth History

Crustal Evolution of Southern Africa: 3.8 Billion Years of Earth History


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About the Book

Syntheses of the geology of major areas of the Earth's crust are increasingly needed in order that the features of, and the problems associated with, the secular evolution of the continents can be understood by a wide audience. Southern Africa is fortunate in having a remarkable variety of geological environments developed without many breaks over 3. 8 Ga, and many of the rock groups are household names throughout the geological world. In one respect the geology of Southern Africa is particularly important: cratonization clearly began as early as 3. 0 Ga ago, in contrast to about 2. 5 Ga in most other continental areas such as North America. This book documents very well the remarkable change in tectonic conditions that took place between the Early and Mid-Precambrian; we have here evidence of the very earliest development of rigid lithospheric plates. This book is a tribute to the multitudes of scientists who have worked out the geology of Southern Africa over many years and decades. Whatever their discipline, each provided a step in the construction of this fascinating story of 3. 8 Ga of crustal development. In the book the reader will find a detailed review of the factual data, together with a balanced account of interpretative models without the indulgence of undue speculation. One of its attractions is its multidisciplinary approach which provides a stimulating challenge to the reader.

Table of Contents:
1 Tectonic Framework.- 1.1. Cratons, Mobile Belts, and Structural Provinces.- 1.2. Gravity Field and Crustal Structure.- 1.3. Evolutionary Stages in the Southern African Crust.- 1.4. Stage 1: Archean Crustal Development.- 1.5. Stage 2: Early Proterozoic Supracrustal Development.- 1.6. Stage 3: Proterozoic Orogenic Activity.- 1.7. Stage 4: The Gondwana Era.- 1.8. Stage 5: After Gondwana.- Stage 1: Archean Crustal Evolution.- 2 Granite-Greenstone Terrane: Kaapvaal Province.- 2.1. The Early Gneiss Terranes.- 2.2. Swaziland Supergroup: A Uniquely Preserved Early Archean Supracrustal Pile.- 2.3. Other Kaapvaal Greenstone Belts.- 2.4. Archean Cratonization: Granitoid Emplacement in the Eastern Kaapvaal Province.- 2.5. Pongola Supergroup: The Oldest Cratonic Cover.- 2.6. Post-Pongola Magmatism.- 2.7. Broad Implications of Archean Crustal Development in the Kaapvaal and Zimbabwe Provinces.- 3 Granulite-Gneiss Terrane: Limpopo Province.- 3.1. Extent of Limpopo Province.- 3.2. Northern Marginal Zone.- 3.3. Central Zone-Limpopo Valley.- 3.4. Central Zone-Botswana.- 3.5. The Southern Marginal Zone.- Stage 2: Early Proterozoic Supracrustal Development.- 4 The Golden Proterozoic.- 4.1. Dominion Group: The Witwatersrand Protobasin.- 4.2. West Rand Group: The Witwatersrand Sea.- 4.3. Central Rand Group: Alluvial-Fan Environments.- 4.4. Ventersdorp Supergroup: Crustal Fracturing.- 5 The Transvaal Epeiric Sea.- 5.1. Protobasinal Phase.- 5.2. Inundation of the Kaapvaal Province.- 5.3. Sedimentation in a Clear-water Epeiric Sea.- 5.4. Renewed Terrigenous Influx and Progradation.- 5.5. Depositional History of the Epeiric Sea.- 6 The Bushveld Complex: A Unique Layered Intrusion The Vredefort Dome: Astrobleme or Gravity-Driven Diapir?.- 6.1. Framework of the Complex.- 6.2. Magmatic and Volcanic Stratigraphy.- 6.3. Age of the Bushveld Event.- 6.4. Geochemistry.- 6.5. Petrogenesis: Origin of Parent Magmas and Igneous Layering.- 6.6. Contact Metamorphism.- 6.7. Sulfide Mineralization.- 6.8. Vredefort Dome.- 6.9. Structural Setting and Mechanics of Intrusion.- 7 The Earliest Red Beds.- 7.1 The Intracratonic Waterberg Group.- 7.2. Soutpansberg Trough.- 7.3. The Miogeoclinal Umkondo Group.- 7.4. The Craton-Edge Matsap Group.- 7.5. Synthesis.- Stage 3: Proterozoic Orogenic Activity.- 8 Namaqua-Natal Granulite-Gneiss Terranes.- 8.1. The Natal Province.- 8.2. The Namaqua Province.- 8.3. Eastern Marginal Zone of the Namaqua Province.- 8.4. Western Zone of the Namaqua Province.- 8.5. Central Zone of the Namaqua Province.- 9 The Pan African Geosynclines.- 9.1. The Gariep Geosyncline.- 9.2. The Intracratonic Nama Platform Succession.- 9.3. The Malmesbury Geosyncline in the Western Saldanian Province.- 9.4. Pre-Cape Basins in the Eastern Saldanian Province.- 9.5. The Damara Province: Keystone of the Pan African Framework.- Stage 4: The Gondwana Era.- 10 The Cape Trough: An Aborted Rift.- 10.1. Table Mountain Group: The Quartz Arenite Problem.- 10.2. The Natal Embayment.- 10.3. Paleogeographic Synthesis of the Table Mountain and Natal Groups.- 10.4. Bokkeveld Group: Allocyclic Control Over Delta Progradation and Reworking.- 10.5. Witteberg Group: The Cape-Karoo Transition.- 11 The Intracratonic Karoo Basin.- 11.1. Glaciogene Dwyka Sedimentation.- 11.2. Postglacial Epicontinental Ecca Basin.- 11.3. The Beaufort Group: Fluvial Aggradation in a Foreland Basin.- 11.4. Upper Karoo Sedimentation.- 11.5. Cape Orogeny.- 11.6. Karoo Volcanism.- Stage 5: After Gondwana.- 12 Fragmentation and Mesozoic Paleogeography.- 12.1. The Proto-Atlantic Margin.- 12.2. Evolution of the Southern Continental Margin.- 12.3. The Transkei Swell and the Zululand Basin.- 12.4. Synthesis.- 13 Kimberlites and Associated Alkaline Magmatism.- 13.1. Carbonatites.- 13.2. Alkaline Complexes.- 13.3. Kimberlites.- 13.4. Petrogenesis of Alkaline Rocks.- 14 Changing Climates and Sea Levels: The Cenozoic Record.- 14.1. Tertiary Coastal Environments.- 14.2. Tertiary Shelf Sedimentation.- 14.3. Quaternary Transgressions and Regressions.- 14.4. The Interior Basin.- 14.5. Cenozoic Biogeography and Climatic Evolution.- References.


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Product Details
  • ISBN-13: 9780387906089
  • Publisher: Springer-Verlag New York Inc.
  • Publisher Imprint: Springer-Verlag New York Inc.
  • Language: English
  • Sub Title: 3.8 Billion Years of Earth History
  • ISBN-10: 0387906088
  • Publisher Date: 21 Dec 1981
  • Binding: Hardback
  • Returnable: N
  • Weight: 1565 gr


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