Nonequilibrium Effects in Ion and Electron Transport: (The Language of Science)

This volume presents the contributions of the participants in the Sixth International Swarm Seminar, held August 2-5, 1989, at the Webb Institute in Glen Cove, New York. The Swarm Seminars are traditionally held as relatively small satellite conferences of the International Conference on the Physics of Electronic and Atomic Collisions (ICPEAC) which occurs every two years. The 1989 ICPEAC took place in New York City prior to the Swarm Seminar. The focus of the Swarm Seminars has been on basic research relevant to understanding the transport of charged particles, mainly electrons and ions, in weakly ionized gases. This is a field that tends to bridge the gap between studies of fundamental binary atomic and molecular collision processes and studies of electrical breakdown or discharge phenomena in gases. Topics included in the 1989 seminar ranged the gamut from direct determinations of charged-particle collision cross sections to use of cross sections and swarm parameters to model the behavior of electrical gas discharges. Although the range of subjects covered was in many respects similar to that of previous seminars, there was an emphasis on certain selected themes that tended to give this seminar a distinctly different flavor. There was, for example, considerable discussion on the meaning of "equilibrium" and the conditions under which nonequilibrium effects become important in the transport of electrons through a gas.

Table of Contents:
Non-Equilibrium Electrons Transport: ,A Brief Overview.- Beam, Swarm and Theoretical Studies of Low-Energy Electron Scattering: Some Exemplars.- Coupled Solutions of Boltzmann Equation, Vibrational and Electronic Nonequilibrium Kinetics.- Higher-Order Electron Transport in Gases.- Non-Local Descriptions of Electron Swarms in Space-Time.- A Description of the Non-Equilibrum Behavior of Electrons in Gases: Macro-Kinetics.- Nonequilibrium Effects in Electron Transport at High E/n.- Electron Collision Cross Sections for Processing Plasma Gases from Swarm and Discharge Data.- When Can Swarm Data Be Used to Model Gas Discharges?.- Non-Equilibrium Effects in DC and RF Glow Discharges.- Measurement of Attachment Coefficients in the Presence of Ionization.- Ion Transport and Ion-Molecule Reactions of Negative Ions in SF6..- A Survey of Recent Research on Ion Transport in SF6.- Collisional Electron-Detachment and Ion-Conversion Processes in SF6.- A Close Encounter Between Theory and Experiment in Electron-Ion Collisions.- Electron-Ion, Ion-Ion, and Ion-Neutral Interactions.- Electron-Ion Recombination in Dense Molecular Media.- The Mobility of Electrons in Liquid Argon; Some Differences and Some Similarities with the Motion of Electrons in Crystals and Gases.- Ultrafast and Ultrasensitive Dielectric Liquids/Mixtures: Basic Measurements and Applications.- Diffusion of Electrons in a Constant Field: Steady Stream Analysis.- Diffusion of Electrons in a Constant Filed: TOF Analysis.- A Monte Carlo Simulation of Electron Drift Limited by Collisions in Gas Mixtures Using the Null Collision Method.- An Analysis of Transient Velocity Distribution of Electrons.- An Exact Theory for Transient Behavior of Electron Swarm Parameters.- Electron Transport Property Under Electric and Magnetic Fields Calculated by FTI Method.- A Multigroup Approach to Electron Kinetics.- Integral Expansion Often Reducing to the Density Gradient Expansion, Extended to Nonmarkov Stochastic Processes. Consequent Stochastic Equation for Quantum Mechanics More Refined Than Schrodinger’s.- Generalized Diffusion Coefficients and 1/f Power Spectral Noise.- Fokker-Planck Calculation of the Electron Swarm Energy Distribution Function.- Nonlinear Diffusion.- Sensitive High-Temporal-Resolution TOF Electron Drift Tube; Asymmetrical Current Pulse Observation and Determination of Vd, DL and D3.- The Characteristic Energy of Electrons in Hydrogen.- Electron Swarm Parameters in Krypton and Its Momentum Transfer Cross Sections.- The Electron-Mercury Momentum Transfer Cross Section at Low Energies.- Longitudinal Diffusion to Mobility Ratios for Electrons in Noble Gases.- Relations Between Electron Kinetics in DC ExB and Microwave Discharges.- Computer Simulation of a Discharge in Crossed Electric and Magnetic Fields.- Structures of the Velocity Distributions and Transport Coefficients of the Electron Swarm in CH4, in a DC Electric Field 7.- Negative Ion Kinetics in BCL3 Discharges.- On the Mechanism of Thermal Electron Attachment to S02.- Electron Attachment to NF3.- Electron-Energy Dependence of Electron Attachment to Molecules as Studied by a Pulse Radiolysis Microwave Cavity Technique.- Negative Ion Pulses Induced by Laser Irradiation of DC Discharge Media.- The Attachment of Electrons in Water Vapour at Low Values of E/N.- Isotope Studies and Energy Dependences of Rate Constants for the Reaction 0? + N20 at Several Temperatures.- Recent FALP Studies of Dissociative Recombination and Electron Attachment.- Recent Sift Studies of Ion-Molecule Reactions: A Deuteration of InterstellarMolecules.- Reactions of Several Hydrocarbon Ions with Atomic Hydrogen and Atomic Nitrogen.- Quenching of N0+(v=1,3) in Low Energy Collisions with CH4 and He.- Rotational Energy Effects in Ion-Molecule Reactions.- The Application of a Selected Ion Flow Drift Tube to the Determination of Proton Affinity Differences.- Energy Dependences of Rate Constants for the Reaction 22Ne + + 20 Ne at Several Temperatures.- Deexcitation of He(21P) in Collisions with Rare Gas Atoms.- Measurements of DT/K for Sodium Ions Drifing in Argon.- Transverse Diffusion of Neon Ions in Neon.- Helium Ion Clusters Hen+ (n?16) Formed in a Liquid Helium Cooled Drift Tube.- Ion and Fast Neutral Model for Nitrogen at Very High E/N.- Study of the Electron Transport in an RF Discharge in Ar and CH4/H2 by Optical Emission Spectroscopy.- Hß Line Shapes in RF Discharges in CHC1F2 and H2.- Time-Resolved Investigations of H2 and H2CH4, RF Plasmas.- Scattering of Electrons of High-Molecular Rydbergs in Dense Atomic and Molecular Gases.- A Constant Ratio Approximation Theory of the Cylindrical Positive Column of a Glow Discharge.- Laser-Induced Opto-Galvanic Studies of Pre-Breakdown Swarm Phenomena.- Influence of Negative Ion and Metastable Transport on the Stochastic Behavior of Negative Corona (Trichel) Pulses.- Improvement in the Breakdown Strength of SF6,/N2 Mixtures-A Physical Approach.- Geometry-Dependent Displacement Current in the Pulsed-Townsend Drift Tube.- List of Attendees.