Our Mothers, Our Powers, Our Texts: Manifestations of Àjé in Africana Literature(Blacks in the Diaspora)

Aje is a Yoruba word that signifies a spiritual power of vast potential, as well as the human beings who exercise that power. Although both men and women can have Aje, its owners and controllers are women, the literal and cosmic Mothers who are revered as the gods of society. Because of its association with female power, its invisibility and profundity, Aje is often misconstrued as witchcraft. However, as Teresa N. Washington points out in Our Mothers, Our Powers, Our Texts, Aje is central to the Yoruba ethos and cosmology. Not only does it underpin the concepts of creation and creativity, but as a force of justice and retribution, Aje is essential to social harmony and balance. As Africans were forced into exile and enslavement, they took Aje with them and continued its work of creating, destroying, harming, and healing in the New World. Washington seeks out Aje's subversive power of creation and re-creation in a diverse range of Africana texts, from both men and women, from both oral and contemporary literature, and across space and time. She guides readers to an understanding of the symbolic, methodological, and spiritual issues that are central to important works by Africana writers but are rarely elucidated by Western criticism. She begins with an examination of the ancient forms of Aje in Yoruba culture, which creates a framework for innovative readings of important works by Africana writers, including Zora Neale Hurston, Toni Morrison, Ben Okri, Wole Soyinka, Jamaica Kincaid, and Ntozake Shange. This rich analysis will appeal to readers of Africana literature, African religion and philosophy, feminist studies, and comparative literature. Teresa N. Washington is Assistant Professor of English at Kent State University and lives in Stowe, Ohio.

Table of Contents:
Contents Acknowledgments Note on Orthography Introduction Part I. Àjé in Africana Orature 1. Àjé in Yorubaland 2. Àjé across the Continent and in the Itànkálé Part II. Àjé in Africana Literature 3. Word Becoming Flesh and Text in Gloria Naylor's Mama Day and T. Obinkaram Echewa's I Saw the Sky Catch Fire 4. Initiations into the Self, the Conjured Space of Creation, and Prophetic Utterance in Ama Ata Aidoo's Anowa and Ntozake Shange's Sassafrass, Cypress & Indigo 5. Un/Complementary Complements: Gender, Power, and Àjé 6. The Relativity of Negativity 7. The Womb of Life Is a Wicked Bag: Cycles of Power, Passion, and Pain in the Mother-Daughter Àjé Relationship 8. Twinning across the Ocean: The Neo-Political Àjé of Ben Okri's Madame Koto and Mary Monroe's Mama Ruby Coda Continua Appendix Glossary Notes Works Cited and Select Bibliography Index

About the Author :
Teresa N. Washington is Assistant Professor of English at Kent State University and lives in Stowe, Ohio.

Review :
"Washington writes supple and thoughtful prose and creatively integrates African and African-derived terminology, which never distract the reader. I consider Our Mothers, Our Powers, Our Texts not only a brilliant study, but also a model to be emulated." Ousseynou B. Traore, William Patterson University