Reinforced Concrete: Mechanics and Design

Reinforced Concrete uses the theory of reinforced concrete design to teach the basic scientific and artistic principles of civil engineering. Examples and practice problems help you develop your engineering judgment and apply complicated engineering concepts to real-world scenarios.

Table of Contents:
INTRODUCTION 1-1 Reinforced Concrete Structures 1-2 Mechanics of Reinforced Concrete 1-3 Reinforced Concrete Members 1-4 Factors Affecting Choice of Reinforced Concrete for a Structure 1-5 Historical Development of Concrete and Reinforced Concrete as Structural Materials 1-6 Building Codes and the ACI Code References THE DESIGN PROCESS 2-1 Objectives of Design 2-2 The Design Process 2-3 Limit States and the Design of Reinforced Concrete 2-4 Structural Safety 2-5 Probabilistic Calculation of Safety Factors 2-6 Design Procedures Specified in the ACI Building Code 2-7 Load Factors and Load Combinations in the 2019 ACI Code 2-8 Loadings and Actions 2-9 Design for Economy 2-10 Sustainability 2-11 Customary Dimensions and Construction Tolerances 2-12 Inspection 2-13 Accuracy of Calculations 2-14 Handbooks and Design Aids References MATERIALS 3-1 Concrete 3-2 Behavior of Concrete Failing in Compression 3-3 Compressive Strength of Concrete 3-4 Strength Under Tensile and Multiaxial Loads 3-5 Stress-Strain Curves for Concrete 3-6 Time-Dependent Volume Changes 3-7 High-Strength Concrete 3-8 Lightweight Concrete 3-9 Fiber Reinforced Concrete 3-10 Durability of Concrete 3-11 Behavior of Concrete Exposed to High and Low Temperatures 3-12 Shotcrete 3-13 Reinforcement 3-15 Fiber-Reinforced Polymer (FRP) Reinforcement 3-16 Prestressing Steel References FLEXURE: BEHAVIOR AND NOMINAL STRENGTH OF BEAM SECTIONS 4-1 Introduction 4-2 Flexure Theory 4-3 Simplifications in Flexure Theory for Design 4-4 Analysis of Nominal Moment Strength for Singly Reinforced Beam Sections 4-5 Definition of Balanced Conditions 4-6 Code Definitions of Tension-Controlled and Compression-Controlled Sections 4-7 Beams With Compression Reinforcement 4-8 Analysis of Flanged Sections References FLEXURAL DESIGN OF BEAM SECTIONS 5-1 Introduction 5-2 Analysis of Continuous One-Way Floor Systems 5-3 Design of Singly Reinforced Beam Sections with Rectangular Compression Zones 5-4 Design of Doubly Reinforced Beam Sections 5-5 Design of Continuous One-Way Slabs References SHEAR IN BEAMS 6-1 Introduction 6-2 Basic Theory 6-3 Behavior of Beams Failing in Shear 6-4 Analysis and Design of Reinforced Concrete Beams for Shear—ACI Code 6-5 Other Shear Design Methods 6-6 Hanger Reinforcement 6-7 Shear in Axially Loaded Members References TORSION 7-1 Introduction and Basic Theory 7-2 Behavior of Reinforced Concrete Members Subjected to Torsion 7-3 Thin-Walled Tube Analogies 7-4 Design for Torsion and Shear—ACI Code Approach 7-5 ACI Code Design Method for Torsion References DEVELOPMENT, ANCHORAGE, AND SPLICING OF REINFORCEMENT 8-1 Introduction 8-2 Mechanism of Bond Transfer 8-3 Development Length 8-4 Hooked Anchorages 8-5 Headed Bars in Tension 8-6 Design for Anchorage 8-7 Bar Cutoffs and Development of Bars in Flexural Members 8-8 Reinforcement Continuity and Structural Integrity Requirements 8-9 Splices References SERVICEABILITY 9-1 Introduction 9-2 Elastic Analysis of Stresses in Beam Sections 9-3 Cracking 9-4 Deflections of Concrete Beams 9-5 Consideration of Deflections in Design 9-6 Frame Deflections 9-7 Vibrations 9-8 Fatigue References CONTINUOUS BEAMS AND ONE-WAY SLABS 10-1 Introduction 10-2 Continuity in Reinforced Concrete Structures 10-3 Continuous Beams 10-4 Design of Girders 10-5 Joist Floors References COLUMNS: COMBINED AXIAL LOAD AND BENDING 11-1 Introduction 11-2 Tied and Spiral Columns 11-3 Interaction Diagrams 11-4 Interaction Diagrams for Reinforced Concrete Columns 11-5 Design of Short Columns 11-6 Contributions of Steel and Concrete to Column Strength 11-7 Biaxially Loaded Columns References SLENDER COLUMNS 12-1 Introduction 12-2 Behavior and Analysis of Pin-Ended Columns 12-3 Design of Columns in Nonsway Frames 12-4 Behavior of Restrained Columns in Sway Frames 12-5 Calculation of Moments in Sway Frames Using Second-Order Analysis 12-6 Design of Columns in Sway Frames 12-7 General Analysis of Slenderness Effects 12-8 Torsional Critical Load References TWO-WAY SLABS: BEHAVIOR, ANALYSIS, AND DESIGN 13-1 Introduction 13-2 History of Two-Way Slabs 13-3 Behavior of Slabs Loaded to Failure in Flexure 13-4 Analysis of Moments in Two-Way Slabs 13-5 Distribution of Moments in Slabs 13-6 Design of Slabs 13-7 The Direct-Design Method 13-8 Equivalent-Frame Analysis Methods 13-9 Shear Strength of Two-Way Slabs 13-10 Combined Shear and Moment Transfer in Two-Way Slabs 13-11 Details and Reinforcement Requirements 13-12 Design of Slabs Without Beams 13-13 Construction Loads on Slabs 13-14 Deflections in Two-Way Slab Systems 13-15 Use of Post-Tensioning References TWO-WAY SLABS: ELASTIC AND YIELD-LINE ANALYSES 14-1 Review of Elastic Analysis of Slabs 14-2 Design Moments from a Finite-Element Analysis 14-3 Yield-Line Analysis of Slabs: Introduction 14-4 Yield-Line Analysis: Applications for Two-Way Slab Panels 14-5 Yield-Line Patterns at Discontinuous Corners 14-6 Yield-Line Patterns at Columns or at Concentrated Loads References FOOTINGS 15-1 Introduction 15-2 Soil Pressure Under Footings 15-3 Structural Action of Strip and Spread Footings 15-4 Strip or Wall Footings 15-5 Spread Footings 15-6 Combined Footings 15-7 Mat Foundations 15-8 Pile Caps References SHEAR FRICTION, HORIZONTAL SHEAR TRANSFER, AND COMPOSITE CONCRETE BEAMS 16-1 Introduction 16-2 Shear Friction 16-3 Composite Concrete Beams References DISCONTINUITY REGIONS AND STRUT-AND-TIE MODELS 17-1 Introduction 17-2 Struts 17-3 Ties 17-4 Nodes and Nodal Zones 17-5 Other Strut-and-Tie Elements 17-6 Layout of Strut-and-Tie Models 17-7 Deep Beams 17-8 Brackets and Corbels 17-9 Dapped Ends 17-10 Beam-Column Joints 17-11 Bearing Strength 17-12 T-Beam Flanges References WALLS AND SHEAR WALLS 18-1 Introduction 18-2 Bearing Walls 18-3 Retaining Walls 18-4 Tilt-Up Walls 18-5 Shear Walls 18-6 Lateral Load-Resisting Systems for Buildings 18-7 Shear-Wall-Frame Interaction 18-8 Coupled Shear Walls 18-9 Design of Structural Walls-General 18-10 Flexural Strength of Shear Walls 18-11 Shear Strength of Shear Walls 18-12 Critical Loads for Axially Loaded Walls References DESIGN FOR EARTHQUAKE RESISTANCE 19-1 Introduction 19-2 Seismic Response Spectra 19-3 Seismic Design Requirements 19-4 Seismic Forces on Structures 19-5 Ductility of Reinforced Concrete Members 19-6 General ACI Code Provisions for Seismic Design 19-7 Beams in Special Moment Frames 19-8 Columns in Special Moment Frames 19-9 Joints of Special Moment Frames 19-10 Structural Diaphragms 19-11 Structural Walls 19-12 Frame Members Not Proportioned to Resist Forces Induced by Earthquake Motions 19-13 Special Precast Structures 19-14 Foundations References APPENDICES DESIGN AIDS NOTATION

About the Author :
About our author James K. Wight received his B.S. and M.S. degrees in civil engineering from Michigan State University in 1969 and 1970, respectively, and his Ph.D. from the University of Illinois in 1973. He was a professor of structural engineering in the Civil and Environmental Engineering Department at the University of Michigan from 1973 to 2020. He taught undergraduate and graduate classes on analysis and design of reinforced concrete structures. He is well known for his work in earthquake-resistant design of concrete structures and spent a one-year sabbatical leave in Japan where he was involved in the construction and simulated earthquake testing of a full-scale reinforced concrete building. Professor Wight has been an active member of the American Concrete Institute (ACI) since 1973 and was named a Fellow of the Institute in 1984. He is a Past-President of ACI and a past Chair of the ACI Building Code Committee 318. He is also past Chair of the ACI Technical Activities Committee and Committee 352 on Joints and Connections in Concrete Structures. He has received several awards from the American Concrete Institute including the Delmar Bloem Distinguished Service Award (1991), the Joe Kelly Award (1999), the Boise Award (2002), the C.P. Siess Structural Research Award (2003 and 2009), the Alfred Lindau Award (2008), the Wason Medal (2012) and the Charles S. Whitney Medal (2015). Professor Wight has received numerous awards for his teaching and service at the University of Michigan, including the ASCE Student Chapter Teacher of the Year Award, the College of Engineering Distinguished Service Award, the College of Engineering Teaching Excellence Award, the Chi Epsilon-Great Lakes District Excellence in Teaching Award and the Rackham Distinguished Graduate Mentoring Award. He has also received Distinguished Alumnus Awards from the Civil and Environmental Engineering Departments of the University of Illinois (2008) and Michigan State University (2009).